from The Dan Bongino Show: TRUTH LIVES on at https://sgtreport.tv/

by Chris Menahan‚ Information Liberation: Chaos broke out at Chabad-Lubavitch’s headquarters in Crown Heights on Monday after the NYPD moved to seal a newly discovered tunnel the Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty built in secret under the synagogue. From CrownHeights.info‚ Dec 22‚ “BREAKING: Tunnel Found Burrowed Under Women’s Section of 770‚ Possibly Destabilizing The Building”: A Union Street homeowner […]

from The New American: TRUTH LIVES on at https://sgtreport.tv/

by Alex Berenson‚ Unreported Truths: On Saturday‚ apparently. On Saturday night‚ The Wall Street Journal stunningly alleged that Elon Musk: has used LSD‚ cocaine‚ ecstasy and psychedelic mushrooms‚ often at private parties around the world… In 2018‚ for example‚ he took multiple tabs of acid at a party he hosted in Los Angeles. These accusations are deeply serious. People […]

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What we know (or think we know) about history is only a minute sliver of what humans have accomplished and experienced over the millennia. Each year‚ the tireless work of archeologists adds a few more pieces to the puzzle and increases our understanding of human history. Here are some of the most important archaeological discoveries of 2023‚ beginning with a ground-shaking discovery about hominid civilizations and taking us all the way up to a WWII maritime tragedy. 1. The World’s Oldest Wooden Structure First excavated in 2019‚ the Kalambo structure in Zambia was determined in 2023 to be at least 476‚000 years old. The structure‚ according to one of the archeologists tasked with studying it‚ “involves the intentional shaping of two trees to create a framework of two interlocking supports.” The age of the structure was determined through a new technique called luminescence dating. This measures how much time has passed since certain minerals were last exposed to sunlight. This structure predates Homo sapiens. This revolutionizes our understanding of what our early hominid ancestors were capable of.  Hundreds of thousands of years ago‚ hominins notched logs with tools (most likely a stone adze) to secure them together and create a platform. Another log showing similar preparation has also been found nearby.  It also suggests that they stayed in one place for long periods of time‚ challenging the popular notion that these early hominins were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Wooden tools have also been found in the area‚ but they were created much later. Archeologists believe that wooden tools were extremely common during the Stone Age – probably even more common than stone tools. But wood is so rarely preserved for such immense lengths of time that few examples have been found. No hominin remains have been found at the site. Therefore‚ we can’t be sure which species of archaic humans created this ancient wooden structure.  The most likely candidate is Homo heidelbergensis‚ often thought to be the last common ancestor of humans and Neanderthals. Their size‚ including their brain size‚ was comparable to modern humans.  Shaping marks on the upper surfaces and on the underlying tree trunk‚ interpreted as result of scraping‚ perhaps from debarking. 2. The 54‚000-year-old Arrowheads Archeologists excavating a cave in France discovered the earliest evidence of bow-and-arrow technology ever found outside of the continent of Africa (where humans were using this technology 64‚000 years ago). In this cave inhabited by early modern humans over 54‚000 years ago‚ archeologists found over 300 arrowheads. They were attached to shafts of wood with glue made from ocher‚ tree sap‚ and beeswax. The humans who created these arrowheads may have been the first Homo sapiens to arrive in the region‚ long after the Neanderthals. These projectile weapons may have given our human ancestors the edge over their Neanderthal cousins‚ who only used spears. Both groups coinhabited the region for another 14‚000 years and occasionally interbred.  Replicas of the arrowheads that were found in a cave in France. Ludovic Slimak 3. The Oldest Writing Ever Discovered In addition to the famous cave paintings and carvings of human and animal figures‚ hundreds of caves throughout Spain and France are also marked with non-figurative symbols dating back over forty thousand years. While archeologists have known about these signs and symbols for well over one hundred years‚ it wasn’t until 2023 that they began to piece together the meaning of this proto-writing.  Using a database that documents these ancient symbols‚ archeologists have been able to guess at the meanings of some of the most commonly used shapes. If they were truly used to record information and communicate meaning‚ these symbols are the earliest example of writing ever found.  One of the most frequently occurring signs is shaped like a Y. Context clues suggest that this symbol meant ‘to give birth’.  It was surrounded by other symbols that indicated the time of year. It was a sort of calendar that marked the season for various animals that these Neolithic peoples depended upon for their survival.  Archeologists compared symbols of lines‚ dots‚ and Y’s that accompanied depictions of animals to the mating and birthing seasons of each one. They were able to show that these neolithic peoples were using this proto-writing to record the birthing seasons for various mammals‚ fish‚ and birds. An example of cuneiform‚ the oldest writing systems in the world. Image credit: Will Rodrigues 4. A Hidden Chamber in the Great Pyramid of Giza The Pyramid of Khufu – better known as the Great Pyramid of Giza – is over 4‚500 years old. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World to still exist. Modern archeologists have yet to uncover all of its secrets. A system of technologies called ScanPyramids uses infrared thermography‚ ultrasound‚  cosmic-ray radiography‚ and 3D simulations to gather information about ancient structures. This program has been in place since 2015‚ and just this past year‚ researchers used it to discover a sealed corridor above the main entrance to the Great Pyramid of Giza. Following this discovery‚ researchers fed a tiny camera between cracks in the stones to capture images of the passageway‚ which is approximately thirty feet long and nearly seven feet wide. Experts have yet to reach a consensus on the purpose of the corridor.  The head of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities‚ Mostafa Waziri‚ suggested that it may exist to redistribute weight above the main entrance and maintain the structural integrity of the pyramid. Other scholars are hopeful that it might lead to other hidden chambers. As the ScanPyramids project continues‚ we may learn that these massive edifices are less solid than originally believed. Many of these hidden chambers may have simply served to decrease the amount of stone needed for these truly gargantuan construction projects.  The hidden corridor discovered in 2015. The Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities/Handout via REUTERS 5. The 4‚500-year-old Palace Another major discovery of 2023 is a palace in Iraq that is just as old as the Great Pyramid of Giza.  The Lord Palace of the Kings was built in the ancient Sumerian city of Girsu in modern-day Iraq. The ancient Sumerians built the earliest cities ever discovered‚ invented writing‚ and created the first documented codes of law. Girsu was one of about a dozen city-states. The discovery also included an ancient temple dedicated to Ninĝirsu‚ an ancient Sumerian god of healing and agriculture. Eninnu‚ the White Thunderbird temple‚ was one of the most important temples in all of Mesopotamia.  The palace was constructed of mud bricks in the midst of a city that included an advanced canal system spanned by bridges. More than two hundred cuneiform tablets have been discovered there. These ancient administrative records provide insight into the inner workings of this ancient city.  Hartwig Fischer‚ the director of the British Museum‚ called the Lord Palace of the Kings “one of the most fascinating sites I’ve ever visited”. Clay tablet stamped with religious scenes of Gudea‚ ruler of Lagash. From Girsu‚ Iraq‚ 1244-1224 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum‚ Istanbul‚ Turkey. 6. Lijiaya Culture Artifacts Archeologists discovered a number of tombs belonging to high-status members of the Lijiaya culture in Qingjian‚ northern Shaanxi‚ China. The team at the Zhaigou archaeological site has also unearthed rammed earth buildings‚ cemeteries‚ and hundreds of artifacts. The nine high-status tombs found at this site “are the largest and most numerous high-status tombs discovered in northern Shaanxi so far‚” said Sun Zhanwei of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology. Burial offerings found at the site include axes and arrowheads made from copper‚ seashells‚ jade artifacts‚ a swallow-shaped belt buckle made from copper and inlaid with turquoise‚ a turquoise-inlaid bone casket‚ gold earrings‚ and a complete set of bronze chariots and horses. Researchers say that these findings have increased their understanding of how this area fit into the Shang Dynasty and how the core area of this culture interacted with its northern territories. Turquoise sculpture from Zhaigou. State Administration of Cultural Heritage 7. Bronze Age Hallucinogens  Menorca‚ an island in present-day Spain‚ was first settled during the early Bronze Age. Starting around 1450 BC‚ locals interned their dead in natural caves closed off with walls constructed of large‚ closely fitting stones. Archeologists recovered a hair sample from one of these tombs. They performed a chemical analysis using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry that detected traces of alkaloids ephedrine‚ scopolamine‚ and atropine. These were present in levels high enough to support the use of local plants for psychedelic purposes‚ most likely in shamanic ceremonies.  The coast of Menorca 8. The First Human Representations of an Ancient People In April 2023‚ archaeologists excavating in the south of Spain at a site called Casas del Turuñuelo uncovered the earliest human representations of the ancient Tartessos people. The stone busts were created around 500 BC. The Tartessians were skilled metalworkers who created ornate jugs‚ incense burners‚ belt buckles‚ and more. This Bronze Age civilization spoke a Celtic language called Tartessian and used a writing system called Southwestern script. Other Tartessian statues have been found‚ such as a winged cat currently located at the Getty Museum. But this recent discovery is the first example of human representations among the Taressians.  These life-sized human heads are intricately carved: they have textured hair‚ pointed noses‚ smiling mouths‚ and huge earrings. Archeologists believe that they represent Tartessian goddesses.  Other fragments were also found‚ including a piece of a statue depicting a Tartessian warrior wearing a helmet. These stone artifacts were found among great piles of animal bones‚ suggesting an important sacrificial ceremony.  Photo of the site at Casas del Turuñuelo. CONSTRUYENDO TARTESO AT THE ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF MÉRIDA 9. Hundreds of Roman Forts Also in 2023‚ a research project mapped and described 396 previously unidentified forts or fort-like archaeological sites throughout the desert margins of eastern Syria and north-western Iraq using satellite imagery.  This discovery builds upon findings from nearly a hundred years prior. Jesuit French priest Father Antoine Poidebard executed the novel idea of aerial archaeological surveys. He flew over Syria‚ Iraq‚ and Jordan in a small plane and took hundreds of pictures of ancient forts.  Poidebard’s aerial photographs from 1934 inspired this recent study. It used declassified‚ Cold War-era CORONA and HEXAGON satellite imagery to locate rectangular shapes indicative of ancient forts. The majority of these forts were constructed and used between the second and sixth centuries AD. Rather than existing to defend the Roman frontier‚ as originally thought‚ scholars now believe that these hundreds of forts existed to support interregional trade.  Their presence enabled safe passage‚ provided food and water to people and their animals‚ and gave them a safe place to sleep. They probably also guarded strategic oases and provided sedentary populations with protection against raids by nomadic groups. 10. A Long-lost Scottish Monastery A team of archaeologists discovered the location of the long-lost Monastery of Deer in Northeast Scotland. This is the place where the earliest written Scots Gaelic was produced in the late 11th and early 12th century.  The earliest surviving Scottish Gaelic writing is found in the Book of Deer‚ a pocket gospel book written on vellum in brown ink. It’s a linguistic hodgepodge‚ with portions of the gospels written in Latin and a colophon at the end in Old Irish.  The Scottish Gaelic texts are written in the blank spaces surrounding the rest. These marginalia‚ written by as many as five different people‚ include an account of the founding of the monastery at Deer and records of land grants to the monastery.  The monastery was discovered just eighty meters away from the ruins of Deer Abbey‚ which was founded in 1219. Carbon dating matches the age of the building to the time period in which the addendums were written.  The team also recovered remnants of daily life indicative of a monastery‚ including boards for a popular game called hnefatafl. Also known as Vikings Chess‚ the game originated with Nordic peoples and became popular throughout northern Europe.  “The Book of Deer” produced between A.D. 850 and A.D. 1000 A.D. Midas Media/Newsweek A Maritime Tragedy   The SS Montevideo Maru was recovered in 2023‚ 81 years after it sank.  The Japanese transport ship was carrying more than one thousand prisoners‚ most of them Australian‚ when it was torpedoed by an American submarine. Most of the families who lost men aboard the Maru weren’t notified for years. Lost for decades‚ the ship was finally found by a team of deep-sea survey specialists. It rests under 4000 feet of water‚ even deeper than the Titanic. The wreck will be studied further‚ but the victims’ remains will not be disturbed.  “We should refer to it as not a wreck but a tomb‚” said submarine specialist Captain Roger Turner‚ whose years of research made this discovery possible. “It’s where more than 1‚100 souls now lie at peace.” Photo of the OSK Line ship Montevideo Maru circa 1941The post The Most Important Archaeological Discoveries of 2023 first appeared on History Defined.

In October of 1974‚ a plumber in Alhambra‚ California named Rosendo Cruz purchased a brand new Ferrari Dino 246 GTS. It was meant to be a gift for his wife.  He purchased the car from Hollywood Sports Car. This was a Ferrari dealership in Los Angeles that had previously catered to the likes of Frank Sinatra and Perry Como. This only added to the esteem of the vehicle.  The buying price was $22‚500 (about $140‚471 today). It included optional Campagnolo wheels and Daytona seats‚ demonstrating Cruz spared no expense for his gift. A buried Ferrari stolen in 1974‚ is found in 1978‚ dug up from a backyard on W. 119th Street. (Larry Sharkey / Los Angeles Times) Cruz’s Stolen Ferrari Just two months after purchasing the car though‚ it would disappear. His wife had only driven the car for 500 miles.  On December 7‚ the couple went out for dinner on Wilshire Boulevard. When they arrived‚ Cruz claimed he was suspicious of the valet and decided to park his car a few blocks from the restaurant.  Once the couple was done with dinner‚ they returned to find that their car was missing. Cruz filed a police report to find the missing vehicle and filed an insurance claim. The company paid out the exact amount that Cruz had paid for the car. It was like they never owned it. The police could not find any leads on the case and it eventually went cold with the cops ruling it a “righteous theft.”  “Dug Up” Four years later the Ferrari would reemerge in the least likely of places: buried just beneath the grass in someone’s front yard.  In 1978‚ a group of kids were playing in the front yard of a house in southern Los Angeles‚ digging in the mud. As they shoveled away the mud‚ they suddenly struck metal.  The kids waved down a sheriff in the area who came to investigate what could have been buried in the yard. When it became clear that what the children had struck was the roof of a car‚ a full investigation began.  Police were called to the scene. Detectives Joe Sabas and Dennis “Lenny” Carroll began digging up the yard with a small team of men‚ while LA Times reporter Priscilla Painton documented the unearthing of the vehicle.  Painton’s article in the LA Times‚ published February 8‚ 1978‚ is the most comprehensive primary source on the unveiling of the car. However‚ She misidentified Carrol as “Lenny” in the article‚ which granted him a new nickname around the precinct.  A photo of the Ferrari as it was being dug up. Photo: Barcroft Cars A Dino with No Bones When the crew had finished digging up the car‚ they were astounded. Before them was the 1974 Ferrari Dino. After running the serial number and the plates‚ it was confirmed to be the car that had gone missing four years before.  Reports vary on the condition of the car as it was dug up. Some claim it was rusted out and pockmarked from the water and dirt‚ but most records claim that the car was in surprisingly good condition for a car that had been buried.  Although no one knew who had buried the car‚ or why‚ it seemed evident they had intended to return for it since they did their best to preserve it. It was covered in plastic sheets and had towels shoved in the exhaust in an attempt to keep the elements out of the more sensitive parts of the car.  Renovating the Dino Since the insurance was already paid out to the previous owner‚ the car deed defaulted to Farmers Insurance. The company tried to sell the car with little luck. Even when they set up a deal with businessman Ara Manoogian‚ he was hesitant to follow through.  Luckily‚ his real estate agent Brad Howard overheard Manoogian talking to a mechanic about repairing the vehicle. He offered to buy it if he could get it to run.  Howard hired Ferrari mechanic Giuseppe Cappalonga to repair the car. The windshield had been purposefully cracked by the thieves‚ and the engine had taken serious damage while buried and in the process of being removed from the hole.  But other restoration and repairs were minor. The pair was able to easily restore the car to its former glory.  Howard attributes the good condition of the car to the drought in the mid-70s‚ which kept the dirt mostly dry for the time it was underground. Howard now drives the fully restored Dino around as his daily car with the plate DUG UP as a memorial to its past‚ The Insurance Fraud Plot Journalists later uncovered in 2012 that the car was buried as the result of an insurance fraud scheme. Although Cruz had bought the car for his wife‚ he must have quickly regretted the decision and set up the plan.  He had hired two thieves to steal the car‚ with whom he would split the insurance check. The plan was for the thieves to take the car‚ hide it until the check arrived‚ and then send the car to a chop shop to be dismantled and sold.  However‚ it seems the thieves decided they wanted another payday and tried to preserve the car to sell for themselves‚ making twice as much. But‚ in a strange twist of fate‚ it seems they forgot where they buried it.  No one around the house at the time noticed the buried car. The thieves never came back for it‚ so it merely became an odd case of fraud with a leftover Ferrari. It was never determined who stole the car or how they buried it in the first place.  References Gorgon‚ Elena. “1974 Ferrari Dino 246 GTS Found Buried in a Garden Remains Most Famous Dino.” Auto Evolution‚ March 1‚ 2021. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/1974-ferrari-dino-246-gts-found-buried-in-a-garden-remains-most-famous-dino-156970.html.  Spinelli‚ Mark. “The True Story Of How A Ferrari Ended Up Buried In Someone’s Yard.” Jalopnik‚ January 11‚ 2012. https://jalopnik.com/the-true-story-of-how-a-ferrari-ended-up-buried-in-some-5872514.  Spinelli‚ Mark. “We Solve The Mystery Of How A Ferrari Ended Up Buried In Someone’s Yard.” Jalopnik‚ August 9‚ 2012. https://jalopnik.com/we-solve-the-mystery-of-how-a-ferrari-ended-up-buried-i-5933077. The post How Rosendo Cruz’s Ferrari Ended Up Buried in a Yard first appeared on History Defined.

Every conquered nation will eventually grow tired and dissatisfied with its conqueror. In 1857‚ India reached its boiling point. It decided to wage a mutiny against the Crown‚ specifically the British East India Company (EIC). The rebellion ended in a little over a year.  Let’s take a look at that important time in Indian and British history.  A scene from the 1857 Indian Rebellion (Bengal Army)‚ a contemporary English engraving by Granger What’s in a Name? The Sepoy Mutiny is known by many names: Indian Mutiny‚ Sepoy Rebellion‚ the First Indian War of Independence‚ and The Uprising. These terms have been contested many times over.  Historians agree that it cannot be referred to as a war for independence as there wasn’t a unified national advocacy for freedom at the time. On the other hand‚ the event can’t be oversimplified as a mutiny as there were multiple mutinies during that year of conflict.  Whatever the name‚ the fact remains the same: the Indians were unhappy with the British EIC.  The British East India Company The British EIC was once the most dominant corporation in history. It was a corporation doing international trading. It became so huge that it needed protection‚ hence‚ the company also became an army.  The company was founded via a royal charter on December 31‚ 1600.  It had trade deals with China‚ India‚ Indonesia‚ and Persia for over two centuries. London investors reaped the rewards of the trade‚ earning as much as 30% for products such as spices‚ teas‚ and textiles.  As it dominated international trade‚ it needed a private army. It amassed troops of more than 260‚000 soldiers at one point. The number was twice the size of the British army.  Eventually‚ there were more Indian men than English men in the British EIC private army. It was an understandable development since the army was basically stationed in India which was under British rule.  Ships bearing the flags of the Dutch‚ the English and the Spanish in a bay‚ believed to be in the East Indies. Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom. Ships Trading in the East. 1614 What Went Wrong Since the army was established in 1765‚ only British soldiers could become officers. However‚ the majority of enlisted men were locals.  They were called peons or sepoys. During the 19th century‚ there were seven Indian soldiers to every British soldier—45‚000 British soldiers and 230‚000 sepoys.  The private army had difficulty recruiting British men or members of the British army who were willing to defect.  Pay Inequality As if it wasn’t bad enough that sepoys could not be officers‚ their pay was also much smaller than their white counterparts. Many endured the pay disparity because a brown soldier’s pay was still better than other regular jobs in India.  Religious Disrespect But it wasn’t just the pay disparity. Locals also suspected that the British weren’t respectful of their religious beliefs. In 1853‚ a new cartridge for the Enfield rifle used by the EIC was reportedly greased with pig and cow fat.  Hindus generally don’t eat meat‚ especially cows‚ since they are considered sacred. The soldiers often had cartridges in their mouths when they loaded them.  A manual had the following instruction: “Bring the cartridge to the mouth‚ holding it between the forefinger and thumb‚ with the ball in the hand‚ and bite off the top‚ elbow close to the body. Raise the elbow square with the shoulder‚ with the palm of the hand inclined to the front‚ and shake the powder into the barrel.” Rumors circulated that the British were purposely contaminating sepoy flour and salt with pig and cow bones just to mess with them.  High Protection Fees and Taxes EIC soldiers were also forced to witness their countrymen as they were made to pay high protection fees. Indian princes‚ for example‚ lost their states. Meanwhile‚ many Indians had to pay fees to sustain the activities of the EIC.  Additionally‚ the general population had to pay high taxes to the Crown. According to a 2018 research published by the Columbia University Press‚ the United Kingdom drained $45 trillion from India’s coffers.  Cultural Suppression It is common for colonizers to impose their culture on their subjects. But India has such a long and rich history that it wasn’t easy to dilute and the people weren’t willing to just shelve them in favor of white culture.  The British were actively spreading Christianity and Western culture while belittling Indian traditions.  Treaties Against Indian Businesses The British EIC was primarily a trading company before it was a private army. Its presence in India threatened local businesses. The EIC also provided unfair competition to Indian manufacturing industries.  Racism British racism against Indians exists to this day. But imagine how bad it was in the 19th century when it was the norm for white people to look down on people of color and make them feel inferior.  Sepoys had a lot of grievances against their colonizers that eventually led to the mutiny. There had been many minor uprisings before the 1857 mutiny but they were all unsuccessful.  The Sepoy Mutiny was also a failure but it left a lasting impression among Indian leaders and nationalists.  The Tipping Point On April 8‚ 1857‚ EIC soldier Mangal Pandey was executed by the British. For Indians‚ he was a freedom fighter who incited an uprising among his men and wounded two British officers in the process.  But if you ask the British soldiers‚ Pandey was under the influence of opium when he attacked and wounded his white counterparts.  One may argue that Pandey’s execution was justified because he injured his fellow soldiers. However‚ fearing a large-scale revolt‚ the British punished Pandey’s fellow sepoys in the same company. The punished sepoys were outraged but kept their tempers reined in. A month later‚ EIC sepoys in Meerut staged a mutiny after 85 of them were handed a 10-year prison sentence for refusing to use greased Enfield cartridges. They killed their British officers.  “The Sepoy revolt at Meerut‚” from the Illustrated Times 11 July 1857 Detail from The Mutiny in India. Illustration for The Illustrated Times‚ 11 July 1857 According to the World History Encyclopedia‚ one of them reportedly said: “I was a good sepoy and would have gone anywhere for the service‚ but I could not forsake my religion.”  The mutiny caught the British by surprise as they were used to the Indians following orders.  Bahadur Shah II: Face of the Revolution The Mughal Dynasty ruled Northern India from the 16th to 18th centuries. However‚ its influence slowly declined with time. By 1803‚ the dynasty only ruled in some parts of Delhi‚ and with the aid of the British‚ it eventually lost its foothold in that area.  The last Mughal leader was Bahadur Shah II whom the mutineers appointed as the face and leader of the uprising. The mutineers then captured Delhi and killed Europeans and Indians who were Christian converts.  The upheaval quickly spread. Disgruntled Indians‚ from businessmen to farmers who encompassed the Hindu and Muslim faiths‚ joined the sepoys. The princes who lost their states also supported the cause.  In Bengal‚ 45 out of the 74 sepoy regiments mutinied. The EIC quickly disarmed the sepoy regiments who were loyal to the company and the Crown. In Mumbai‚ only two regiments mutinied. Some areas that were considered EIC strongholds remained loyal.  The revolt advanced and there was fighting in Assam‚ Banaras‚ Gwalior‚ Jhansi‚ Kampor‚ Lucknow‚ Punjab‚ and Rajasthan. Some areas were worse than others.  The EIC had to seek the help of the government-paid British Army to control the locals. The British also had the support of Sikh troops and Nepal’s Gurkhas.  Battle Lost The rebellion failed but the cause remained an important one to Indians. It spurred a national movement that eventually led to India’s independence from the Crown.  After a year of fighting in different parts of India‚ the rebellion was quashed. The British had superior resources and the revolution was too disorganized.  After all‚ it wasn’t a planned rebellion.  The sepoys just reached their limits for British exploitation and reacted. There was no coordination between mutineers and nationalist leaders. Plus‚ there were no set demands for the British.  Different anti-British factions agreed that they wanted the Crown out of India. But the question of who should lead became another cause for contention.  Lord Canning of the EIC announced the end of the rebellion and the restoration of peace in India in June 1858. As they say‚ the British may have won the battle but the war was not over.  Consequences Around 800‚000 Indians lost their lives during the one-year uprising. Many sepoys and civilians died for their country but many more perished because of the resulting famine.  More than 2‚700 British soldiers and officers died from the fight while another 8‚000 were lost from heat stroke and other diseases. Around 3‚000 were injured.  Shah was exiled but his sons were executed. Many more Indian leaders either died in battle or were sentenced to death after the fall of the rebellion.  One positive result for the Indians was the clipping of EIC’s powers in the country. The British government was not happy with the EIC and noted that it didn’t have the authority to wage a war in the name of the Crown. The Crown took over the EIC but it wasn’t until 1874 that it was officially dissolved through an Act of Parliament.  Of course‚ India still wasn’t free. They were no longer under the EIC but a colonizer still ruled the land.  The Impact of the Sepoy Rebellion Many will not agree that the Sepoy Mutiny was India’s First War of Independence. However‚ many Indians view it as exactly that.  The mutiny was unsuccessful But it left a burning desire among Indians to be free from British rule‚ whether it meant freedom from the private company or the British government itself.  India had not been independent since it was first discovered by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498. The Portuguese ruled until the English settled in the country in the 1600s.  Rebellions started as early as the 1750s but it wasn’t as widespread as the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. More fighting ensued until India finally gained independence in 1947. The post Sepoy Mutiny: Big Trouble for the British East India Company first appeared on History Defined.

Ariadne and Theseus are two key characters in the ancient Greek myth of the Minotaur. Ariadne was a princess born on the island of Crete‚ home to the ancient Minoan civilization that flourished there during the Bronze Age. The modern name for the civilization derives from the mythical King Minos‚ the father of Ariadne.  The Minoan civilization produced complex cities and astonishing art over four thousand years ago‚ making it the first advanced civilization in Europe. They had two distinct writing systems‚ but neither one has ever been fully deciphered. Some of their art and coins depict labyrinths.  Theseus and the Minotaur in the Labyrinth Minos and the Minotaur King Minos appears in Greek literature beginning in the 8th century BC‚ with Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. According to Thucydides‚ Minos was the first ruler to create a formal navy. Zeus himself instructed Minos on the laws that he created for his people.  Stories of Minos stretch across three generations. Some mythologists‚ such as Plutarch‚ surmised that there must have been at least two kings by this name.  The first King Minos‚ son of Zeus and Europa‚ was the good King Minos. He was so well respected by the Gods that after his death‚ he was appointed as one of the Judges of the Dead in the underworld.  The second King Minos was the grandson of the first. He and his wife Pasiphaë had eight children together‚ including the princess Ariadne. He had an additional eight children with other women and a nymph.  Pasiphaë was a demigoddess associated with witchcraft and sorcery. Her parents were the sun god Helios and the water nymph Perse.  When Minos’s father died‚ he competed with his two brothers for the kingship of Crete. He prayed to Poseidon to send him a sign of his favor‚ and the god sent a white bull from the sea.  Minos was supposed to sacrifice the bull‚ thereby giving him back to the god. But it was such a fine animal that he sacrificed another bull instead.  As punishment‚ Poseidon made Pasiphaë fall in love with the bull. She conceived a son and gave birth to Asterius‚ a child with a human body and the head of a bull‚ who grew into the Minotaur. Minos imprisoned the unfortunate creature in a labyrinth created for that purpose.  The Minotaur‚ circa 515 BC Theseus Theseus was a mythical king of Athens. He was the heir of King Aegeus‚ though some of the old stories say that Theseus’s father was the god Poseidon. When Theseus was still the prince and heir apparent‚ Ariadne’s brother died in Athens. In some versions of the story‚ he was murdered by rivals after winning an athletic competition. In others‚ he was killed by the bull that fathered the Minotaur after King Aegeus ordered him to slay it. King Minos threatened to send his navy across the sea to avenge his death. Zeus aided him‚ attacking the city with plague and hunger. The king of Athens surrendered and offered his people up to the mercy of the Cretian king.  Minos demanded tribute in retribution. Every nine years (or every seven years‚ or every year – stories vary)‚ Athens must send its seven most courageous young men and the seven most beautiful maidens on a ship to Crete to be devoured by the Minotaur.  Some accounts said that victims would be drawn by lots‚ Hunger Games style. Each time‚ they would get lost in the labyrinth and starve‚ or else be devoured by the Minotaur.  Theseus volunteered to go as tribute so that he could slay the Minotaur and save his peers.  Theseus and the Minotaur. Museum Collection: Library of the University of Friborg Ariadne Ariadne was one of the daughters of King Minos.  In some versions of the myth‚ she was in charge of the labyrinth where the Minotaur was contained and the unfortunate Athenians were sent for sacrifice. In others‚ she was an innocent bystander forced to watch her half-brother devour these innocent youths year after year.  In the old stories‚ she fell in love with Theseus at first sight. She provided him with a sword and a ball of string so that he could slay her half-brother and find his way out again. She also told him how to navigate the labyrinth.  After Theseus killed the Minotaur and emerged victorious from the labyrinth‚ Ariadne stole away with him in the night along with her sister Phaedra. On the journey back to Athens‚ Theseus abandoned Ariadne on the island of Nexos.  In some versions of the story‚ a god or goddess murdered her there. In others‚ Theseus snuck away while she slept and married her sister instead.  The marriage of Theseus and Phaedra was as torrid and tragic as any Greek myth. In this one‚ she became romantically involved with her stepson and they both died because of it.  In some stories‚ Dionysus claimed Ariadne as his wife. Theseus was forced to leave her with the god who‚ by those accounts‚ was already her husband. In Plutarch’s version‚ Theseus left the sleeping Ariadne behind by mistake. By the time he realized his error and returned‚ she had already fallen in love with Dionysus.  Dionysos and Ariadne. Detail from the side A of an Attic red-figure calyx-krater‚ ca. 400-375 BC. From Thebes Dionysus and the Fate of Ariadne Dionysus was a god associated with fruit‚ fermentation‚ festivities‚ and fertility. Worship of Dionysus revolved around wine and theater. He and Ariadne had many children together‚ including Thoas‚ Staphylus‚ and Oenopion. In some traditions‚ Ariadne became a minor goddess associated with weaving – usually after meeting some tragic end or another‚ as so often happened to humans who got mixed up with gods. In many versions‚ Dionysus journeyed to the underworld and restored her to Mount Olympus after her death.  She was also known as the goddess of paths and labyrinths.  Little is known of ancient religious practices on the island of Crete‚ but some scholars believe that Ariadne originated as a major goddess in Minoan culture. The original labyrinth may have been an elaborate dancing ground used in religious rituals.  Other scholars believe that the character of Ariadne may have originated with a real woman who took part in ritual bull-leaping spectacles that were a part of Minoan culture. The post Ariadne‚ Theseus‚ and the Labyrinth of the Minotaur first appeared on History Defined.

These Garlic Butter Mushrooms are perfectly buttery‚ garlicky‚ and full of savory flavors. It’s the ideal side dish for any meal‚ and you can eat them as they are or add them to your favorite dish. The best part is they can be easily made in just 10 minutes! These garlic butter mushrooms go great with just about any dish and can be ready in only 10 minutes! In This Article Why This Recipe Stands OutKey Recipe IngredientsSubstitutions And VariationsStep-By-Step Recipe InstructionsHow To Prep AheadWhat To Serve With Garlic Butter MushroomsCommonly Asked QuestionsGarlic Butter Mushrooms RecipeMore To Cook And Eat View more Why This Recipe Stands Out We’re all about recipes that are simple‚ tasty‚ and versatile. Our garlic butter mushrooms tick all these boxes and more. Here’s why this recipe is a standout: Simple: This recipe requires minimal ingredients‚ most of which you likely already have in your pantry. Quick: The best dishes for gatherings are truly the ones that are quick and easy to make! These mushrooms are just that and can be ready in just 10 minutes‚ like our 10-Minute Garlic Shrimp. Flavor: The combination of garlic and butter creates a rich‚ savory flavor. Versatile: These mushrooms are not only a great side dish‚ but they can also be added to omelettes‚ casseroles‚ and more. Works with Any Mushrooms: This recipe works well with a variety of mushrooms‚ including Baby Bellas‚ Creminis‚ and white mushrooms just like our Rice Pilaf with Mushrooms. Nutritious: Mushrooms are packed with antioxidants and nutrients‚ making this a healthy addition to your meal. Adaptable: The recipe is flexible‚ allowing you to adjust the amount of garlic‚ butter‚ and seasoning to your taste‚ exactly like our Garlic Butter Herb Red Potatoes. Key Recipe Ingredients Olive Oil and Salted Butter – These two ingredients form the base of our dish‚ providing a rich and savory flavor. They also help to sauté the garlic and shallot‚ releasing their aromatic qualities. Garlic and Shallot – Garlic and shallot are essential in this recipe‚ adding a depth of flavor that compliments the earthiness of the mushrooms. They are minced to ensure their flavors are evenly distributed throughout the dish. Fresh Mushrooms – We use fresh cremini or baby bella mushrooms for their robust flavor and meaty texture. They are the star of the dish‚ absorbing the flavors of the other ingredients while retaining their own unique taste. Fresh Parsley – Fresh parsley adds a burst of freshness and color to the dish. It is chopped to release its aromatic oils and sprinkled on top for a beautiful garnish. Substitutions And Variations This garlic butter mushrooms recipe is as delicious as it is versatile. Here are some of our favorite variation ideas: Different Mushrooms: The best part about this recipe is that you can use any kind of mushrooms you prefer or have on hand. Portobello‚ shiitake‚ or oyster mushrooms would work great. Extra Garlic and Onions: If you love the flavor of garlic‚ then consider adding a couple of more cloves. It’ll boost the flavors and make your garlic butter mushrooms taste extra garlicky and delicious. Try onions instead of shallots. Herbs: If you don’t have fresh parsley on hand‚ dried parsley can be used in a pinch like we use in our Ranch Roasted Potatoes. Alternatively‚ you can also try other fresh herbs like thyme or chives for a different flavor profile. Step-By-Step Recipe Instructions Add oil and butter in a pan‚ and sauté garlic and shallots until fragrant. Add mushrooms and sauté until they are soft and cooked through.  Remove from heat and add parsley and seasonings to taste. Stir and serve while warm. For full list of ingredients and instructions‚ see recipe card below. How To Prep Ahead Take a look at our best prep-ahead strategies for this recipe: Prep the Ingredients: To make this recipe go smoothly‚ we recommend having all ingredients prepped and ready to go. You can mince the garlic and shallot‚ slice the mushrooms‚ and chop the parsley in advance. Store these prepped ingredients in separate airtight containers in the fridge for up to 2 days. Make the Garlic Butter: You can also prepare the garlic butter in advance. Simply melt the butter and olive oil in a pan‚ add the minced garlic and shallot‚ and cook until aromatic. Let it cool‚ then store it in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 2 weeks. When you’re ready to cook‚ reheat the garlic butter and continue with the recipe. Make Ahead: This garlic butter mushrooms recipe keeps well in the fridge. Fully prepare the dish and store it in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 3 days. When you’re ready to serve‚ reheat the mushrooms in a pan or microwave‚ and they’re good to go. These garlic butter mushrooms are perfectly buttery‚ garlicky‚ and packed with flavor. What To Serve With Garlic Butter Mushrooms Protein Garlic butter mushrooms are a great accompaniment to a juicy steak. We recommend trying them with this Perfectly Grilled Steak or this Marinated Ribeye Steak. If you’re a chicken lover‚ these mushrooms pair wonderfully with this Grilled Lemon Chicken or these Saucy Baked Chicken Legs. The flavors complement each other perfectly! Pair mushrooms with a simple salmon dish‚ such as Easy Baked Salmon. Casseroles Add these delicious mushrooms to your favorite breakfast casseroles‚ such as this Eggs Benedict Casserole or our Overnight Breakfast Casserole.  They also work beautifully in a hearty Farmer’s Breakfast Casserole or an Enchilada Breakfast Casserole. Fold cooked mushrooms into an omelette or egg dish. Vegetables For a lighter meal‚ serve these mushrooms with a fresh salad. We love this Crunchy Kale Brussel Sprouts Salad or even a classic Greek Salad.  If you prefer cooked vegetables‚ add these mushrooms to some Roasted Vegetables or Roasted Brussels Sprouts. They will taste incredible and work with just about any main dish. Commonly Asked Questions What type of mushrooms should I use for this recipe? You can use any type of fresh mushrooms for this recipe‚ but we recommend using cremini or baby bella mushrooms. They have a great texture and absorb the garlic butter flavor beautifully. Can I use unsalted butter instead of salted butter? Yes‚ you can use unsalted butter in this recipe. If you do‚ you might want to adjust the amount of kosher salt you add to make sure that the dish is seasoned to your liking. How do I know when the mushrooms are cooked? The mushrooms are cooked when they become soft and slightly browned. Be careful not to overcook them‚ as they can lose too much moisture. What type of pan should I use? We recommend using a large nonstick pan for this recipe. It will allow the mushrooms to cook evenly and make the cleanup process easier. How long do cooked mushrooms keep? Garlic butter mushrooms can be kept in the refrigerator for up to three days. Drain any liquids that evaporate before reheating. Be sure to store them in an airtight container to maintain their freshness. Can I reheat cooked mushrooms? Yes‚ you can reheat the mushrooms in a pan over medium heat. Drain any excess accumulated liquids prior to reheating. Be sure to stir them frequently to prevent them from sticking to the pan. Print Garlic Butter Mushrooms These mushrooms are easily sauteed and done in just a few minutes. They’re buttery‚ garlicky‚ and full of savory flavor. Mushrooms are also full of antioxidants and nutrients. They cook up quickly‚ so be sure not to overcook. A few minutes is all it takes! Course SideCuisine AmericanDiet Gluten Free‚ Low Calorie‚ Low Fat‚ VegetarianMethod Skillet‚ Stovetop Prep Time 5 minutes minutesCook Time 5 minutes minutesTotal Time 10 minutes minutes Servings 6 Calories 102kcal Author Amy Dong Ingredients2 TB olive oil2 TB salted butter4 cloves garlic minced1 shallot minced20 oz fresh mushrooms sliced (cremini or baby bella are great)4 TB fresh parsley leaves chopped (optional)kosher saltblack pepper freshly cracked InstructionsIn a large nonstick pan‚ add olive oil and butter over medium heat‚ until melted and hot. Add garlic and shallot‚ stirring until aromatic‚ about 1 minute. Add mushrooms and continue to stir‚ about 2-3 minutes or just until mushrooms are soft cooked through. Don’t over cook.Remove from heat‚ add parsley‚ and lightly sprinkle with kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Stir again and serve while warm. Notes Fresh garlic‚ shallots‚ and mushrooms will give your dish a more vibrant and flavorful taste. Allow the olive oil and butter to fully melt and heat up before adding the garlic and shallot. This will guarantee that they are cooked evenly and release their full flavor. Garlic can easily burn and become bitter‚ so keep an eye on it and stir frequently. Cremini or baby bella mushrooms are recommended for this recipe as they have a meaty texture and hold up well to sauté. When adding the mushrooms‚ make sure they are in a single layer in the pan. This allows them to cook evenly and brown nicely. Adding the fresh parsley after removing the pan from the heat will keep it vibrant and fresh. This dish is best served warm‚ so try to time it so that it is one of the last things you prepare for your meal. Serve them with a Grilled Steak or on your favorite casserole. If you enjoyed this recipe‚ please come back and give it a rating. We hearing from you!  Join our Free Recipe Club and get our newest‚ best recipes each week! NutritionCalories: 102kcal | Carbohydrates: 5g | Protein: 3g | Fat: 9g | Saturated Fat: 3g | Polyunsaturated Fat: 1g | Monounsaturated Fat: 4g | Trans Fat: 0.2g | Cholesterol: 10mg | Sodium: 37mg | Potassium: 338mg | Fiber: 1g | Sugar: 2g | Vitamin A: 342IU | Vitamin C: 6mg | Calcium: 13mg | Iron: 1mg More To Cook And Eat Caesar Pasta Salad – This is incredibly easy and delicious. Perfect for warmer months‚ yeah‚ but also any time when you need a tasty yet healthy dish. Easy Dinner Rolls – These are amazing. They go from mixing bowl to table in just about an hour. And they taste as good as any dinner roll you’ve ever had. Cinnamon Roasted Butternut Squash – This is one of our favorite ways to enjoy the goodness of butternut squash. This recipe yields a savory yet sweet side dish that is chock full of healthy goodness. 15-Minute Honey Glazed Carrots – Perfect for both holiday feasts and busy weeknight dinners‚ these carrots are quick and easy to prepare‚ yet they pack a punch of flavor! The post Garlic Butter Mushrooms appeared first on Chew Out Loud.