Through Version 47 of Lethal Company released on January 8‚ Zeekerss introduced Challenge Moons. But what exactly do these Challenge Moons entail? Many players have been wanting more gameplay options‚ which we’re getting with this new feature. Here’s everything you need to know about Challenge Moons. What are Challenge Moons in Lethal Company? The Challenge Moons in Lethal Company are re-playable weekly moons that everyone can play alongside each other. Since the same random seed will be available for all players weekly‚ the Challenge Moons will have everyone coming back weekly to see what the latest challenge is. Screenshot: PC Invasion Interestingly‚ the profit you make by the end of your challenge will get put onto a leaderboard for everyone to see. This way‚ you can compare your profit to the profit your friends made. These aren’t just normal moons though‚ as they each will have an increased amount of scrap‚ random starti...

I didn’t expect Portal: Revolution to get so hard so quickly‚ but Chamber 8 in Chapter 1 is a challenging one. Though it took me a while‚ I’ve completed Portal: Revolution Chamber 8 so I can teach you how to do it. Portal: Revolution Chamber 8 Chapter 1 – How to beat it Screenshot: PC Invasion Portal: Revolution Chamber 8 is all about lasers and elevators. Contrary to Portal 1 and 2‚ lasers don’t hurt you in Portal: Revolution‚ which is very useful to know in this puzzle. First‚ place your blue portal on the ground wall and walk through. Press the button to spawn the glass box. Related: All achievements in Portal: Revolution Now‚ shoot your blue portal over to the wall on the platform. Walk through the orange portal and place the glass box in line with the laser shooting through the blue portal to activate the switch. Screenshot: PC InvasionScreenshot: PC Invasion You’ll notice the elevator in the cen...

Most of the fruit in Blox Fruits works rather similarly‚ in that you simply direct an ability toward an enemy‚ and let it rip. The Control Fruit works rather differently‚ however. You will have complete control of the battlefield‚ if you’re skilled enough. Obtaining the Control Fruit in Blox Fruits The Control Fruit is a Mythical Natural-Type Blox Fruit. Like all others‚ you can purchase it from a variety of vendors or you may have the slightest chance of finding it around on an island. Purchasing the Control Fruit The most common way of obtaining the Control Fruit is from purchasing it from a Blox Fruit Dealer (or from the Advanced Blox Fruit Dealer over on Mirage Island). The stock of the dealers rotate every four hours‚ so you’ll have to keep checking back to see if they have the Control Fruit in stock. The Control Fruit can be purchased here for 3‚200‚000 money‚ or for 2‚500 Robux. The Advanced Blox Fruit Dealer has a higher rate of...

Leanne Blinzler Noe was eight years old and living in the Philippines with her family when the Japanese attacked the islands on the day after Pearl Harbor. She and her sister‚ Ginny‚ hid out with German nuns at a convent in Manila for several years during the war. Then‚ in March 1944‚ the Japanese forced them to enter Santo Tomas Internment Camp‚ where they joined thousands of already imprisoned Allied civilians‚ including their dad‚ Lee Blinzler. Noe‚ now 90‚ endured near starvation and her fear of the Japanese guards‚ even though adults in the camp tried to instill a state of normalcy with school (not her favorite thing) and entertainment evenings (very fun). On February 3‚ 1945‚ the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division liberated the camp. To this day‚ General Douglas MacArthur remains Noe’s hero.  How did you end up in the Philippines in the 1930s? My father was a gold engineer working at the Dewey Mine near Yreka‚ California. This was during the Great Depression and the mine closed. He heard from a friend there was a boom going on in the Philippines‚ so in the fall of 1936‚ he moved our young family—my mother‚ my younger sister‚ Ginny‚ and me—to Marinduque. I was three years old. But then my mother died soon after we arrived; we believe it was TB. Our father moved my sister and me to Holy Ghost College in Manila‚ where a German order of nuns ran a school‚ while he stayed in Marinduque. In November 1939‚ milling operations in Marinduque stopped‚ and my dad found work at Balatoc Mine outside the mountain retreat of Baguio‚ in northern Luzon. He lived at the mine‚ while Ginny and I resided at Holy Ghost Hill‚ the nuns’ summer home‚ where we were the only two boarders. Leanne Blinzler (left) and sister Ginny enjoy swingtime with their father in the days before the Japanese attacked the Philippines. Do you remember when the Japanese first attacked the Philippines? It was December 8‚ 1941. Ginny and I went to church that morning at the cathedral in Baguio. In the middle of the consecration‚ we heard loud thumping sounds. The priest put down the chalice and told everyone to go home. He advised that we hide in ditches if we heard planes again. We returned to the convent‚ where everything was quiet. Some Igorots [indigenous Filipinos] came to the door to sell strawberries and sugarcane. While I was washing the fruit in the kitchen‚ I heard the same loud pounding that we had heard while at church—the Japanese were attacking Baguio! The bombs terrified me‚ but Ginny and one of the nuns ran outside and watched the attacking planes.                      How did you escape from Baguio? After the Japanese attack‚ my dad arranged a ride for my sister and me in a company car to the safety of Manila‚ promising he would follow soon. Two men from the mine‚ armed with pistols‚ drove us down the mountain. As we approached the flatlands‚ the men surveyed the landscape‚ very alert‚ looking for enemy soldiers who had reportedly landed on nearby beachheads at Lingayen Gulf. Later we learned the car’s trunk contained the mine’s gold bullion‚ which was whisked away by submarine to Australia and then the U.S. In Manila‚ we tried to return to Holy Ghost‚ but they couldn’t take us. So the men dropped us off at a European orphanage‚ until conditions permitted us to return to Holy Ghost at the end of January. It’s possible the U.S. Army was using part of Holy Ghost as a hospital. How did you end up in the prison camp? In January 1944‚ the Americans began to win the war in the Pacific. The Japanese Military Police took control of the camp‚ and life became more miserable for the prisoners. On March 10‚ the enemy‚ who knew about us by then‚ decided Ginny and I should be brought into Santo Tomas. We traveled there by calesa [a horse-drawn carriage]‚ were inspected by the Japanese at the front gate‚ and moved our few belongings to Room 55A in the Main Building‚ which was packed with 26 women and children.         A Japanese propaganda photo shows internees at the Santo Tomas Internment Camp. Tell us a little bit about the camp. Santo Tomas is Asia’s oldest university. It was founded in 1611. A high wall surrounds its cluster of buildings on all sides. That’s where we were interned. Our days were organized into activities‚ beginning with roll call. Sometimes we stood for hours outside our room‚ while the Japanese soldiers inspected us. We all had responsibilities. I washed our sheets in an outside tub once a week and left them to dry in the sun to chase away bedbugs. Among the day’s most important events was chow time when‚ about an hour before food was ladled out‚ I would stand with our dad’s and my meal tickets and our tin cans‚ waiting for the line to open. (Ginny ate in the children’s line.) Breakfast and dinner were often a watery rice stew called lugao. In our free time‚ Ginny and I and our friends climbed on a bamboo jungle gym at the playground. As food became scarce‚ the playground was converted into a vegetable garden. We played Monopoly and‚ believe it or not‚ War. One day I found a tired rubber dolly in the trash. I took it‚ washed it‚ and hand-sewed clothes for it from scraps. Dave Harvey‚ a Shanghai entertainer and professional comedian‚ established “theater under the stars‚” with a screen and wooden stage. There were movies‚ acts‚ quizzes‚ singing‚ and Harvey’s comedy routines. We had lots of fun on those evenings. Did you have to go to school? Yes! Even in prison‚ we attended school‚ five days a week. One advantage of imprisoning Manila’s expats was the high caliber of professional teachers available to teach classes. I remember studying ancient history‚ Tagalog‚ and Japanese. Why did MacArthur move so quickly to liberate Santo Tomas? Supposedly‚ American intelligence received a message from a clandestine radio in Santo Tomas stating the Japanese were preparing to execute us. Upon landing at Lingayen Gulf in January 1945‚ MacArthur demanded that the 1st Cavalry move onto Manila as quickly as possible. After liberating the military POW camp of Cabanatuan‚ a “flying column” charged south. American tanks arrived in early February 1945. What do you remember about your liberation? On February 3‚ 1945‚ planes were flying low overhead—not typical bombers but tiny Piper Cubs with blue stars on silver backgrounds…Americans! The planes left‚ and we had a 6:00 p.m. roll call and early bedtime. I heard low rumblings‚ gunfire in the distance‚ and the black sky lit up like the northern lights with tracer bullets. Then someone said an American tank was striking through the wall outside camp. Ginny and I rushed down to the front hall of the Main Building and watched from the crowded steps. Soon‚ a tank came into view. Oh my gosh‚ we were so excited. The vehicle came to a halt‚ and several tall and healthy-looking men emerged‚ looking like good-natured giants. Was that the end of it? No. The Battle of Manila raged all around us‚ so even though we were liberated‚ we had to stay at Santo Tomas. A few days after liberation‚ Ginny and I snuck out to the front of the Main Building during nap time to meet two soldiers who had promised to give us Hershey bars. All of a sudden‚ shells rained on the building. Ginny and I were hit‚ and soldier James Smith carried us both inside. We later learned that the other soldier‚ Steve Bodo‚ was killed. We were transported by army ambulance to a government building in Quezon City that was being used as an evacuation hospital. I didn’t know it then‚ but I had a piece of shrapnel lodged in my jaw. My mouth was so swollen‚ I could hardly eat. Ginny’s lower arm was so damaged by shrapnel that it later required 90 stitches. Her wound was packed with Vaseline gauze and the pain was so excruciating she had to be put out to change it. One night the enemy shelled the evacuation hospital. Some of us sought shelter in the hallway and prayed the rosary‚ our voices rising up when the shells were closer and louder. An army nurse named Nancy joined us. I was surprised to see someone in the army so frightened. The next morning‚ we saw that one of the shells had lodged in the building‚ but without exploding. Left: Internees at Santo Tomas gather to celebrate their liberation. Right: Young Leanne had her photograph taken with an American soldier on the ship back home. To the young girl‚ the U.S. troops looked like “good-natured giants.” How did you return to the United States? I think because of our injuries we were on the first trip out‚ around March 13. We were flown in a military plane to Leyte‚ where we slept in tents on the beach. We swam in the water; one day I saw a torso—gruesome—but for the most part we had a grand time. They gave us immunizations and put us on the [transport ship] USS Admiral W.L. Capps. We slept on triple-deck bunks and enjoyed lots of food‚ including candy and oranges. The ship zigzagged in a convoy and‚ 18 days after leaving Leyte‚ we approached the Golden Gate Bridge. I thought our ship was so tall it might hit the bridge! Where did you go then? Our mother’s sister‚ Jerry Edwards‚ who lived in Berkeley‚ greeted us at the dock. She had agreed to take Ginny and me into her care as we forged ahead into our new American life. Two years later‚ we headed back to the Philippines to be with our dad‚ who had returned to the mine‚ but that’s another story! this article first appeared in world war II magazine See more stories SubscriBE NOW!  

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In a world first‚ scientists have successfully grown human brain organoids – so-called “mini brains” – from human fetal tissue. The organoids are only about the size of a grain of rice‚ but they have the potential to offer a whole new way of studying brain development and disease.Organoid research has exploded in recent years. From stomachs‚ to kidneys‚ to a whole “body-on-a-chip”‚ being able to generate miniature replicas of organs has the potential to revolutionize medical research. Brain organoids that start from human stem cells have previously been shown to respond to visual stimuli; used to repair injured rat brain tissue; and been infected with COVID-19 to study the damage it can do to the nervous system. A mini brain was even fused with computer hardware to create a hybrid biocomputer.Despite these incredible advances‚ however‚ there’s been a limitation to how human brain organoids can be grown. Up to now‚ the only option has been to use embryonic or pluripotent stem cells that are prodded down the correct developmental pathway using a cocktail of very specific molecules‚ which can take a long time to determine.Now‚ scientists have found a way to produce mini brains directly from fetal brain tissue. “Until now‚ we were able to derive organoids from most human organs‚ but not from the brain – it’s really exciting that we’ve now been able to jump that hurdle as well‚” explained project co-lead Professor Dr Hans Clevers in a statement. The team‚ from the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology in the Netherlands‚ figured out that the key was to use small pieces of whole tissue‚ rather than individual cells as is required for organoids created from other organs. Under the correct growth conditions‚ these tissue fragments self-organized into complex 3D brain structures.The complexity of one of the organoids can clearly be seen in these different sections.Image credit: Princess Máxima Center‚ Hubrecht Institute/B Artegiani‚ D Hendriks‚ H Clevers (CC BY-NC-ND)Although tiny‚ the organoids contained multiple different cell types‚ and retained specific characteristics of the parts of the brain from which they were derived. For example‚ they still responded to various signaling molecules that direct brain development as a fetus grows – this means they could be used to provide new insights into this highly complicated process. Since the organoids are quick to grow‚ the team decided to test their potential in modeling brain cancer. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing‚ they mutated a cancer gene called TP53. After three months‚ the mutated cells had taken over‚ just as cancer cells do. Later‚ they used the same technique to alter three genes associated with glioblastoma‚ a type of brain cancer‚ and tested the effect of some cancer drugs on the mutant organoids. This is just one other way that these mini brains could be used in scientific research in the future.The organoids will happily grow in the lab for more than six months and can be multiplied‚ meaning that scientists can repeat their experiments on similar organoids to increase the reliability of their results. The tissue used to grow the organoids in the first place is not an infinite resource‚ so it’s important that its use is maximized as much as possible.A whole organoid.Image credit: Princess Máxima Center‚ Hubrecht Institute/B Artegiani‚ D Hendriks‚ H Clevers (CC BY-NC-ND)The fetal tissue used in the research was donated by people undergoing pregnancy terminations between 12 and 15 weeks of gestation. The donors were kept totally anonymous and had given full consent to the use of the tissues in organ development research.The team hope to continue exploring the potential of their mini brains. They have also been working with bioethicists and aim to continue this collaboration to shape the future of research in this area.“Being able to keep growing and using the brain organoids from fetal tissue also means that we can learn as much as possible from such precious material‚” said co-study lead Dr Delilah Hendriks. “We’re excited to explore the use of these novel tissue organoids for new discoveries about the human brain.”The study is published in the journal Cell.  

Diamonds on Earth are pretty rare‚ despite being a girl’s best friend. But on ice giant planets like Uranus and Neptune‚ it is expected that diamonds rain down through the atmosphere. Now‚ lab experiments suggest that sparkly precipitation happens at lower temperatures and pressure than previously thought‚ making it more common not just in the solar system‚ but also elsewhere in the universe. It might also play a role in influencing the magnetic fields of these planets.We can’t fly into the deep layers of the atmosphere where the diamonds form‚ but we can create similar conditions in the lab. Using diamond anvils‚ researchers subjected a film made of polystyrene to incredible pressure. They then hit the film with high-energy X-rays that heated the sample to more than 2‚200 degrees Celsius (3992 degrees Fahrenheit) and diamonds began to form.The team was also able to experiment on longer timescales‚ as well as investigate how carbon compounds reacted in the presence of oxygen. They saw that it was possible to create these diamonds at lower temperatures and pressures‚ meaning that they spend more time in the atmosphere of the planet‚ before falling deeper into it.And it’s not just about the precipitation. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are not symmetric like Earth’s own and is believed to be created by conductive layers deep within the planet. The presence of diamonds falling through those layers‚ carrying gas and ice as they descend‚ could stir them up‚ creating currents and potentially even driving the magnetic fields."'Diamond rain' on icy planets presents us with an intriguing puzzle to solve‚" lead author and SLAC scientist Mungo Frost said in a statement. "It provides an internal source of heating and transports carbon deeper into the planet‚ which could have a significant impact on their properties and composition. It might kick off movements within the conductive ices found on these planets‚ influencing the generation of their magnetic fields."Since the study shows that lower temperatures and pressures are needed to create these diamond rains‚ it means that smaller worlds – so-called mini-Neptunes – may likely have diamonds falling into their depths. Understanding our ice giant neighbors with direct observations and in the lab opens the door to understanding countless worlds out there."This groundbreaking discovery not only deepens our knowledge of our local icy planets‚ but also holds implications for understanding similar processes in exoplanets beyond our solar system‚" said Siegfried Glenzer‚ director of SLAC’s High Energy Density division.The study is published in Nature Astronomy.