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New Discovery: Fungi Have Memories, Learn, and Make Decisions
Scientists in Japan have discovered that fungi—despite lacking a brain—can exhibit remarkable intelligence. According to Interesting Engineering, these organisms are capable of making decisions, recognizing shapes, and solving problems.
“You’d be surprised at just how much fungi are capable of,” says Yu Fukasawa from Tohoku University. “They have memories, they learn, and they can make decisions. Quite frankly, the differences in how they solve problems compared to humans are mind-blowing.”
The study focused on wood-decomposing fungi, specifically how their mycelial networks responded to different spatial arrangements of wooden blocks. Researchers placed the blocks in two configurations: a circle and a cross.
Fungal mycelial networks connecting wood blocks arranged in circle (left) and cross (right) shapes. Credit: Yu Fukasawa
If the fungi lacked the ability to process their surroundings, they would have grown uniformly from the center, regardless of block placement. However, the researchers observed more complex behavior.
In the cross configuration, the fungi concentrated their growth toward the four outermost blocks, a strategy that likely helps them maximize resource collection.
In contrast, in the circular arrangement, the fungi spread evenly across the blocks, leaving the center untouched. The scientists speculate that the fungi recognized no benefit in focusing growth in an already populated area, instead optimizing their resources elsewhere.
“With fungi, their ‘intelligence’ appears to be rooted in their ability to process environmental information and make decisions that benefit the organism as a whole,” Professor Fukasawa explains.
Our understanding of fungi remains limited compared to plants and animals, but this study offers a glimpse into their hidden intelligence and how their decision-making impacts broader ecosystems.
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