The Mongol Empire's rise and expansion across Eurasia were influenced by various factors, including the critical role played by shamans within Mongol society. These spiritual leaders were deeply rooted in the animist traditions of the Mongols, serving as intermediaries between the natural and supernatural worlds. Shamans, known as böge for men and idugan for women, were believed to possess the power to communicate with spirits, predict the future, and influence events such as military campaigns. The Pax Mongolica: When the Mongols Brought Peace to Europe and Asia The Mysteries of the Enaree: The Androgynous Shamans of the Scythians Their responsibilities included interpreting omens, conducting rituals, and advising the khans on significant decisions. Before any major military action, shamans were consulted to determine the likelihood of success, often using methods like scapulimancy—reading the cracks in burned sheep shoulder blades. This practice not only guided the khans but also instilled confidence among the Mongol warriors, assuring them of divine favor. Read moreSection: NewsVideosHistoryAncient TraditionsRead Later