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A Third State Between Life and Death Has Been Discovered
Scientists have found that certain cells not only remain active after an organism’s death but also transform into new forms.
From a scientific standpoint, death is the irreversible cessation of the body’s functions. However, practices like organ donation demonstrate how individual organs, tissues, and cells can continue functioning even after the organism has died.
Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that allow some cells to remain active post-mortem. A recent study revealed that certain cells can transform into multicellular structures with novel functions under specific conditions, such as the presence of nutrients, oxygen, and biochemical signals.
This discovery introduces a mysterious “third state” of cell behavior, challenging previous understanding. While familiar transformations like caterpillars becoming butterflies or tadpoles maturing into frogs follow known patterns, this third state goes beyond typical biological changes.
For instance, tumors and organelles that divide indefinitely in a laboratory setting do not fall under this third state, as they do not acquire new functions.
In contrast, xenobots, a type of biological robot, are capable of kinematic self-replication. This unique process involves replicating their form and function without growth, differing from conventional methods of reproduction.
Additionally, individual human lung cells have been observed to self-organize into microscopic multicellular organisms capable of movement. These “anthropobots” exhibit entirely new behaviors, including the ability to navigate their environment, regenerate themselves, and repair damaged neural cells nearby.
These findings highlight the remarkable plasticity of cellular systems and challenge the long-held belief that cells can only follow predefined developmental pathways. The third state suggests that the death of an organism plays a crucial role in the transformation and continuation of life.
The study’s authors note that several factors influence whether cells and tissues can continue functioning after death, including environmental conditions, metabolic activity, and innate survival mechanisms.
The discovery of this third state holds potential for medical advancements. For example, anthropobots derived from human tissue could be used to deliver medications without triggering an immune response. They could even dissolve arterial plaques in conditions like atherosclerosis.
Importantly, these multicellular organisms have a limited lifespan, naturally degrading after 4-6 weeks. This built-in “switch” helps prevent the uncontrolled growth of potentially harmful cells.
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