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Fast interstellar travel is possible: physicists propose an unusual solution
To travel between stars and galaxies, some quantum physicists believe it would require breaking into a higher dimension, reports Popular Mechanics.
In the Hollywood sci-fi film Interstellar, characters use a wormhole near Saturn to quickly reach another galaxy. Some quantum physicists think such space-time shortcuts might truly exist, either naturally or artificially created.
Wormholes could allow for travel over enormous distances that would take hundreds or even thousands of years at the speed of light. Some scientists propose that if we could access higher dimensions, where wormholes likely exist, interstellar travel could become possible.
Wormholes, however, remain a hypothetical concept. Astrophysicists have yet to find direct evidence of them in space, but mathematical models suggest they could be real, similar to black holes.
Sixty years ago, black holes were also theoretical, until their existence was confirmed. Wormholes might follow the same trajectory of discovery, particularly as technology advances.
In 1935, Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen introduced the concept now known as the Einstein-Rosen bridge. Based on general relativity, their idea proposed the possibility of a shortcut through space-time, later dubbed a “wormhole.”
Imagine a sheet of paper with one dot drawn in opposite places. If you draw a line between the dots, this will be the route that you need to cover between them in the usual way. If you fold the sheet of paper in half, the dots will connect together and thus we get a quick transition. Photo: Space.com
According to general relativity, space and time form a unified fabric called space-time, and the mass of objects, such as planets and stars, causes this fabric to curve—what we experience as gravity.
The idea of a wormhole is straightforward. Imagine a sheet of paper with two dots at opposite ends. Drawing a line between them represents the usual way of traveling from one point to another.
But if you fold the paper, the two dots meet, creating a shortcut between them. In this analogy, the paper represents space-time, and the folded shortcut symbolizes a wormhole.
If space-time can be curved enough, two distant points could be brought closer together through a bridge in a higher dimension, like a wormhole. One theory suggests that a wormhole could form if exotic matter were combined with a black hole.
Exotic matter is purely theoretical, known only through mathematical models. It behaves unusually, with properties like negative mass and the ability to counteract gravity. Some theorize that black holes, which consume matter and light, could have exits—white holes—on the other side.
Because space and time are interconnected, traveling through a wormhole would not only shrink distances but also warp time. Time could accelerate, slow down, or even loop, allowing a traveler to arrive in the past or the future.
The more extreme the distortion of space-time, the faster the travel through the wormhole, possibly occurring in an instant, according to some astrophysicists.
Quantum physics suggests that microscopic wormholes may already exist, albeit fleetingly. To create a stable, traversable wormhole, scientists propose capturing one of these tiny wormholes, expanding it, and keeping it open for travel.
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