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Thanksgiving Is All About Family, Turkey, and Football… Or Is It?
The year that is drawing toward its close has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. To these bounties, which are so constantly enjoyed that we are prone to forget the source from which they come, others have been added, which are of so extraordinary a nature that they cannot fail to penetrate and even soften the heart which is habitually insensible to the ever-watchful providence of Almighty God.
— Abraham Lincoln, A Thanksgiving Proclamation
Thanksgiving is that wonderful day where we gather around a table with friends and family and indulge in turkey made slightly better by cranberry sauce and an ungodly amount of pie, while desperately distracting ourselves from unpleasant topics of conversation by watching a Football game and the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. That, at the very least, is the way our modern agnostic America celebrates it.
And why shouldn’t we? What we were all told in grade school was that the very first Thanksgiving was celebrated shortly after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. Going by the construction-paper pilgrim hats and drug store window stickers, it’s rather difficult to tell whether they were giving thanks to their Native American benefactors or some deity.
A slightly deeper dig into the matter via a quick Google search generally results in a rather depressing array of articles with titles like: “Rethinking Thanksgiving Celebrations: Native Perspectives on Thanksgiving” or “The true, dark history of Thanksgiving.” While these academic diatribes are, to the pessimist, an interesting read, they hardly capture the spirit of the matter. Instead, they turn the holiday into a guilt fest — and guilt is never a good reason to indulge in large quantities of food.
It’s also, frankly, not fair to the Pilgrims, who left plenty of written records behind them. They talked long and hard about their dreams for the future, about the kind of society they wanted to establish (John Winthrop’s “Shining City on a Hill” is an oft-used and abused example), and about their goodwill toward their Native American neighbors, but they didn’t talk much about this grand Thanksgiving dinner they were supposed to have had. We have just one contemporary record of the event. A paragraph in a letter written by Edward Winslow in 1621 doesn’t once use the word “thanksgiving.”
That historical narrative may help relieve some of the guilt woke academics want us to indulge in — after all, it’s hard to feel guilty about an event that may or may not have happened. It turns our Pilgrim’s story into an American myth on the level of Johnny Appleseed. It’s a good myth, but myths are seldom a good reason to celebrate a holiday.
Fortunately, we don’t celebrate Thanksgiving because the Pilgrims did — the tradition is both younger and older. The reason has much more to do with Abraham Lincoln.
In 1863, the United States was embroiled in a bloody Civil War that set brother against brother and had torn the country in two. The end of the war wasn’t yet in sight (the Confederacy wouldn’t surrender for another two years), although the Union had had a rather heartening run at Chancellorsville, Vicksburg, and Gettysburg (it had lost the Battle of Chickamauga, but not badly). The national mood, one imagines, wasn’t great. Then, on Oct. 3, Lincoln called for a national day of thanksgiving to be celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.
Americans — Democrats and peace advocates in particular — weren’t happy with the new holiday. They refused to celebrate it. Some of them proclaimed that Lincoln was trying to impose New England Protestantism on the nation, which was not a hard argument to make. Lincoln made it clear that the point of establishing Thanksgiving was to recognize the role Divinity had played in full fields, expanding frontiers, growing populations, and the increase of freedom (Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation just 10 months earlier).
That said, it was perhaps a little unfair to claim that Lincoln was trying to conduct evangelism via the institution of national holidays. After all, he wasn’t the first president to call for a national day of thanksgiving, that would be George Washington.
At the time, the American Revolutionary War had been concluded for six tumultuous years. Revolutionary soldiers demanding pay had been a constant thorn in the side of a dysfunctional government that was trying to figure out how to write a constitution for the 13 colonies. That Constitution finally went into effect in March 1789, and on Oct. 3 of that year, Washington proclaimed Thursday, Nov. 26 a national day of thanksgiving — and he wasn’t shy about saying that God was to be the object of the nation’s gratitude:
Now therefore I do recommend and assign Thursday the 26th day of November next to be devoted by the People of these States to the service of that great and glorious Being, who is the beneficent Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be—That we may then all unite in rendering unto him our sincere and humble thanks…. and also that we may then unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions.
Washington had intended that future presidents also proclaim days of thanks, and both James Madison and John Adams followed suit. Thomas Jefferson, on the other hand, never did. He was concerned that doing so would infringe on the separation of Church and state and viewed such proclamations as remnants of British rule. Perhaps, in some sense, Jefferson was right. The idea of a national day of thanksgiving predates not only Washington, Madison, and Adams, but even the discovery of the North American continent itself.
In medieval (and, at the time, Catholic) England, national days of thanks looked a little different. Back in 1415, for instance, the English victory at the Battle of Agincourt was celebrated by a day of thanks that included a massive festival, a Te Deum (something the Puritan Pilgrims would have been horrified by), religious liturgies, and feasting. (Of course, the British weren’t the only ones, the rest of Europe also partook in extra holidays.) Those celebrations didn’t go away when England turned Protestant. Annual thanksgivings were frequently celebrated on important national anniversaries.
Thanksgiving, in whatever form it has taken throughout the centuries, has always had something our modern American version is missing, namely, a Divine object of gratitude. Our typical course of Turkey and Football kind of misses the whole point — an easy thing to do when our food comes from a supermarket shelf and our household goods show up at our doorstep overnight courtesy of Amazon. The day is, and always has been, one devoted to God in recognition of His benevolence.
So as you gather with your family around a table full of God’s great gifts, consider singing a Te Deum, reciting a Psalm, or simply raising a glass to the Maker of Heaven and Earth whose Divine Providence has seen fit to sustain us for yet another year.
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