If you’re a Boomer or Gen-Xer‚ you may have a fond memory of your father or other relative giving you a pocket knife at a young age. It may have been a lock-back or a fixed blade‚ but for most of us it was a simple slip-joint folding pocket knife with no locking mechanism. The blade was held open under simple spring pressure. Sometimes it was a single blade Barlow style or Jack knife. In other cases‚ it may have been a Trapper with a drop-point knife blade and a Spey blade. If you were really lucky‚ it could’ve been a multi-blade Congress knife or a Swiss Army Knife. Many of us who were more serious about knives may have graduated on to something with a Walker liner lock‚ frame lock‚ or Axis lock-type mechanism. That was the goal from the 1980s onward‚ to have a folding knife that locked up like a fixed blade. Still‚ many of us look back on fond memories of that first knife type. Custom knife makers often offer a few slip joints in this category as a testament to modern craftsmanship and materials or for customers with a bit of nostalgia. These knives are still very capable in our modern age and will still perform over 90 percent of common daily tasks. They tend to be on the smaller side and are easily stowed in a pocket‚ so you always have a knife. Additionally‚ if you travel outside of the U.S.‚ you’ll find that they’re usually the only knife that won’t land you in prison in most of Europe. Because slip-joint knives are typically carried loose in a pocket‚ a lanyard of some type makes more sense as a means of being able to locate and retrieve the knife. Unfortunately‚ this is a small detail that is often overlooked to keep with tradition. In the past‚ slip joints were cheaper knives sold in hardware stores‚ gun shops and department stores. Modern slip joints are a little bit more expensive in many cases‚ but still more affordable on average than typical tactical folding knives. Spyderco Roadie After 9/11‚ carrying any type of knife aboard an airplane was prohibited. In early 2013‚ the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) announced a plan to allow certain knives on airplanes again. Although the plan was later withdrawn‚ Spyderco had already designed a non-locking pocketknife that would conform with proposed guidelines. The Roadie is an evolved penknife that is more practical than typical slip joints. It relies on a pair of symmetrical dimples in the blade that allow a fingernail-free two-handed opening. Far superior to a traditional nail nick‚ they also don’t collect dirt or debris. The Roadie also features a subtle index-finger choil that acts as a safeguard against unintentional closure. Overall length: 5.1 inches Blade Length: 2.1 inches Weight: 1 ounce Blade Material: N690Co Pros: The blade slices like a surgical scalpel. Its handle scales are extremely comfortable. Lanyard hole makes it easily accessible Cons: This knife would be better with a pocket clip. The sheepsfoot blade worked well for its original design‚ but a clip-point or drop-point variant would be welcome. Price: $84 URL: spyderco.com Mikov Rybicka Mikov is a classic European knife manufacturer that has been making knives in the Czech Republic since 1794. The Rybicka or “Little Fish Knife” has been in their catalog for over 100 years and is a traditional slip joint design that is often passed down from father to son. Original knives of this type sported carbon steel blades and often had carved wooden handles. Mikov began offering these knives with a 420 steel blade and Zinc alloy handles a few decades ago. This makes them more durable and actually quite a bit cheaper. Overall length: 5.5 inches Blade Length: 2.2 inches Weight: 1.5 ounces Blade Material: 420 Pros: This is a small and unobtrusive knife that can attach to a key ring or be worn around the neck for ease of access. This is a classic Czech design of a very distinct model. Properly sharpened‚ it’s a very capable little slicer. Cons: The handles are a cast zinc alloy‚ which means it’ll corrode and degrade over time. The knife was very dull out of the box. Price: $14 URL: mikov.cz Heretic Knives Jinn Heretic Knives has a long and consistent history in the realm of tactical automatic knives. So‚ to see a slippie in their lineup made us sit up and take notice. As can be expected‚ Heretic doesn’t screw around when it comes to materials. The CPM Magnacut for the blade is the star in this show‚ along with titanium handles and a pocket clip. This is definitely not grandpa’s Barlow knife. The blade is a sheepsfoot design and if you’re in a locale that restricts you based on the locking mechanism of your knife‚ this is the one you want. This is a slip-joint knife for a new generation. Overall length: 6.8 inches Blade Length: 3.1 inches Weight: 2.4 ounces Blade Material: CPM Magnacut Pros: It’s made from CPM Magnacut‚ which may be the future super steel for the next decade or two. Razor sharp out of the box‚ the way all knives should ship Titanium handles with amazing texture really blows the doors off everything else in this category Cons: These knives are handmade one at a time to order or in small batches‚ so availability may be an issue. Like most slip joints‚ there’s no lanyard hole. Price: $800+ URL: hereticknives.com Benchmade Weekender The Weekender is a multi-bladed pocketknife equipped with tools to improve your weekend — or any day. It features a 3-inch clip-point blade for your EDC cutting needs‚ and a 2-inch drop-point blade for smaller cutting jobs; the bottle opener ensures all your favorite beverages can be opened with ease. The Weekender is a USA-made folder to enhance your life. The blades are made of CPM-S30V steel‚ ensuring that they stay sharp when you need them. The Micarta handle offers a great gripping surface and will last virtually forever. There are other versions of this model in the works with different blade options and colors of Micarta. Overall length: 7.1 inches Blade Lengths: 3 inches‚ 2 inches Weight: 3.5 ounces Blade Material: CPM-S30V Pros: Very sharp out of the box with nice thin edges for slicing CPM-S30V is a premium knife steel with superb edge retention. The bottle opener comes in handy when you need it. Cons: As good a steel as S30V is‚ it can be difficult to sharpen. There’s no lanyard hole on this to help you secure the knife. Price: $250 URL: benchmade.com CRKT Venandi The name Venandi comes from a Latin word meaning “hunter‚” and this design is a collaboration between custom knife maker Richard Rogers and Columbia River Knife and Tool. Rugged G10 handle scales mean that the handles will probably outlast the rest of the knife. Its 3.1-inch clip-point blade is made from 8Cr13MoV stainless steel. The steel is good‚ but it’s not exactly Magnacut. This is a great first knife for someone who is just getting into knives. It’s an ultra-modern take on a classic and timeless design. Overall length: 7.2 inches Blade Length: 3.1 inches Weight: 1.8 ounces Blade Material: 8Cr13MoV Pros: The blade is sharp out of the box and ready to tackle virtually any cutting chore. The knife excels at cutting and slicing with its clip-point blade. You almost never think of G10 handles with a slip joint‚ but it works well on this model. Cons: Like most slip joints‚ there’s no lanyard hole. A pocket clip could have worked well on this model‚ even though that’s not a common slip-joint feature. Price: $40 URL: crkt.com Cold Steel Trapper This is Cold Steel’s take on the classic slip-joint Trapper knife. It features handles with authentic jigged bone‚ highlighted with polished metal bolsters. The rugged handles are substantially sized for hard work‚ even with gloved hands. It’s constructed in a traditional Jack Knife pattern‚ with two polished blades: a clip-point for piercing and cutting‚ and a Spey for skinning and gutting‚ both folding out of the same end. Popular folklore has placed the Trapper as the preferred choice of rugged outdoorsmen and frontier hunters‚ but its practicality makes it useful for all sorts of chores. Overall length: 7.4 inches Blade Length: 3.3 inches Weight: 4 ounces Blade Material: 8Cr13MoV Pros: This knife reminds me of one of the Trappers I used from the age of 7 until my early 20s as a hiker‚ hunter‚ Marine‚ and ranch hand. The blades slice like razors and open easier than a traditional nail nick due to scalloping. Compact‚ many options for daily carry. Cons: Like most slip joints‚ there’s no lanyard hole. The handle material may degrade over time with a lot of use. Bone isn’t Micarta. Price: $40 URL: coldsteel.com Kershaw Federalist Kershaw’s Federalist is a U.S.-made non-locking slip joint. It relies on a double-detent system to hold the blade in place while closed‚ and the half-stop offers controlled opening and closing action. The green canvas Micarta handle feels good in the hand‚ and it’ll prove to be extremely durable. The blade is made from CPM 154 steel and has an impressive edge when first taken out of the box. The custom pivot forms a shield detail to complete the distinct look of a slip joint knife. In spite of that‚ the Federalist moves the design several steps forward by blending characteristics of a tactical folder with that of the old-school Jack knife. Overall length: 7. 5 inches Blade Length: 3.3 inches Weight: 2.1 ounces Blade Material: CPM 154 Pros: This slip joint has lanyard hole‚ which makes it easily accessible or locatable in the pocket with a lanyard. The handle is extremely comfortable and ergonomic. The blade is made from 154 CM; it’s tough‚ razor sharp‚ rust resistant‚ and sports an easily maintainable edge. Cons: The blade could have been a hair sharper out of the box. Price: $155 URL: kershaw.kaiusa.com Read More Subscribe to Recoil Offgrid's free newsletter for more content like this. Knife Anatomy 101: Infographic &; Terms Swiss Army Knife Uses: Ultimate Guide To A Classic Tool Pocket Preps: Serrated Knife Buyer's Guide Pocket Preps: Corrosion Resistant Knife Buyer's Guide Review: Black Triangle Creeper MK1 Mod 2 G10 Knife The post Review: Slip-Joint Knives appeared first on RECOIL OFFGRID.

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In several billion years‚ our Sun will become a white dwarf. What will happen to Jupiter and Saturn when the Sun transitions to become a stellar remnant? Life could go on‚ though the giant planets will likely drift further away from the Sun. Stars end their lives in different ways. Some meet their end as supernovae‚ cataclysmic explosions that destroy any orbiting planets and even sterilize planets light-years away. But only massive stars explode like that. Our Sun is not massive enough to explode as a supernova. Instead‚ it’ll spend time as a red giant. The red giant phase occurs when a star runs out of hydrogen to feed fusion. It’s a complicated process that astronomers are still working hard to understand. But red giants shed layers of material into space that light up as planetary nebulae. Eventually‚ the red giant is no more‚ and only a tiny‚ yet extraordinarily dense‚ white dwarf resides in the middle of all the expelled material. Researchers think that some white dwarfs have debris disks around them‚ out of which a new generation of planets can form. But researchers have also wondered if some planets can survive as stars transition from the main sequence to red giant to white dwarf. Researchers at the Space Telescope Science Institute‚ Goddard Space Flight Center‚ and other institutions have found what seem to be two giant planets orbiting two white dwarfs in two different systems. Their research is titled “JWST Directly Images Giant Planet Candidates Around Two Metal-Polluted White Dwarf Stars‚” and it’s in pre-print right now. The lead author is Susan Mullally‚ Deputy Project Scientist for JWST. Theoretical thinking shows that exoplanets should exist around white dwarfs. Outer planets beyond where the asteroid belt is in our Solar System should survive their star’s transition from the main sequence to a red giant to a white dwarf. But stars inside this limit will be engulfed by the red giant as it expands. In our Solar System‚ the Sun will likely completely engulf or tidally disrupt and destroy Mercury‚ Venus‚ and Earth. Maybe even Mars. Artist’s impression of a red giant star. As these stars lose mass‚ they expand and can envelop planets that are too close. Credit: NASA/ Walt Feimer Planets that survive this will likely drift further from the star since the star loses mass and its gravity weakens during the red giant phase. But the problem is that it’s difficult to detect planets around white dwarfs. Despite pointed efforts‚ astronomers have only found a few planetary-mass objects orbiting white dwarfs. As it stands now‚ Mullally and her colleagues have found two candidate planets around white dwarfs. They’re about 11.5 and 34.5 AU from their stars‚ which are 5.3 billion and 1.6 billion years old. If the planets are as old as the stars‚ then MIRI photometry shows that the planets are between 1 to 7 Jupiter masses. They could be false positives‚ but there’s only a 1 in 3‚000 chance that that’s the case. “If confirmed‚ these would be the first directly imaged planets that are similar in both age and separationto the giant planets in our own solar system‚ and they would demonstrate that widely separated giantplanets like Jupiter survive stellar evolution‚” the authors write. If the researchers are correct‚ and the planets formed at the same time as the stars‚ this is an important leap in our understanding of exoplanets and the stars they orbit. It may also have implications for life on any moons that might be orbiting these planets. But this discovery relates to another issue with white dwarfs: white dwarf metallicity. Some white dwarfs appear to be polluted with metals‚ elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Astronomers think that these metals come from asteroids in the asteroid belt‚ perturbed and sent into the white dwarf by giant planets. “Confirmation of these two planet candidates with future MIRI imaging would provide evidence that directly links giant planets to metal pollution in white dwarf stars‚” the authors write. Astronomers have found that up to 50% of isolated white dwarfs with hydrogen atmospheres have metals in their photospheres‚ the stars’ surface layer. These white dwarfs must be actively accreting metals from their surroundings. The favoured source for these metals is asteroids and comets. “In this scenario‚ planets that survive the red-giant phase occasionally perturb the orbits of asteroids and comets‚ which then fall in towards the WD‚” the authors write. This artist’s illustration shows rocky debris being drawn toward a white dwarf. Astronomers think that giant planets perturb smaller objects like asteroids and comets inside the WD’s Roche limit. They’re destroyed‚ and the debris is drawn onto the star’s surface. Image Credit: NASA‚ ESA‚ Joseph Olmsted (STScI) Astronomers have struggled to find planets around WDs. The main methods of finding planets aren’t very effective around white dwarfs. The transit method used by Kepler and TESS is ineffective because WDs are so tiny and dim. The other method is the radial velocity method. It senses how a star wobbles due to a planet’s influence. It measures the change in the star’s spectrum due to the wobbling. However‚ WDs have nearly featureless spectra‚ making radial changes difficult to detect. But now we have the JWST. “JWST’s infrared capabilities offer a unique opportunity to directly image Jupiter-mass planets orbitingnearby WDs‚” the researchers write in their paper. The JWST is powerful enough to directly image large planets around tiny stars without using a coronagraph‚ as long as the planets are far enough away from the star. “Taking advantage of JWST’s superb resolution‚ it is possible to directly image a planet at only a few au from nearby WDs without the use of a coronagraph‚” Mullally and her colleagues explain. Part of the effort in this work is identifying point sources. In astronomy‚ a point source is a single‚ identifiable source of light. Its opposite is a resolved source or an extended source. The researchers had to be confident that what they’re seeing around the white dwarfs are point sources‚ which are mostly likely planets in this case. “We expect these to appear as point sources that increase in brightness at longer wavelengths‚” they write. To determine if what they’re seeing are point sources‚ astronomers use a process called reference differential imaging. It’s a complex procedure‚ but basically‚ it involves subtracting the sources from the images. It’s especially effective at finding planets close to stars. This figure from the research explains some of the findings. Each row is a separate white dwarf and planet candidate. In the top row‚ the large object in the north is a background galaxy unrelated to the research. The researchers went through a process of subtracting and then adding back in both the stars and the giant planet candidates. Image Credit: Mullally et al. 2024. The figure above shows how the team worked with the images‚ subtracting both the white dwarf and the candidate planets and identifying the planets as point sources. “In both cases‚ the candidate is removed cleanly‚ indicating it is point-source in nature‚” the authors write. The researchers examined four separate white dwarfs and only two of them have candidate exoplanets. “If confirmed‚ these two planet candidates provide concrete observational evidence that outer giant planets like Jupiter survive the evolution of low-mass stars‚” the authors write. Confirmation would also support the idea that 25%-50% of white dwarfs host large planets. That’s a big step forward in understanding. But these results unfortunately can’t answer another question: are large planets responsible for sending debris onto the surface of white dwarfs? “The confirmation of these planets are not‚ however‚ sufficient to fully validate that large-mass giant planets are the driver of accretion without further observations‚” writes Mullally and her co-authors. An answer to that question can only come from observing more white dwarfs‚ especially with the JWST. Hopefully‚ we won’t have to wait long. The post Webb Directly Images Two Planets Orbiting White Dwarfs appeared first on Universe Today.