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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
36 w

eROSITA All-Sky Survey Takes the Local Hot Bubble’s Temperature
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eROSITA All-Sky Survey Takes the Local Hot Bubble’s Temperature

About half a century ago, astronomers theorized that the Solar System is situated in a low-density hot gas environment. This hot gas emits soft X-rays that displace the dust in the local interstellar medium (ISM), creating what is known as the Local Hot Bubble (LHB). This theory arose to explain the ubiquitous soft X-ray background (below 0.2 keV) and the lack of dust in our cosmic neighborhood. This theory has faced some challenges over the years, including the discovery that solar wind and neutral atoms interact with the heliosphere, leading to similar emissions of soft X-rays. Thanks to new research by an international team of scientists led by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), we now have a 3D model of the hot gas in the Solar System’s neighborhood. Using data obtained by the eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1), they detected large-scale temperature differences in the LHBT that indicate that the LHB must exist, and both it and solar wind interaction contribute to the soft X-ray background. They also revealed an interstellar tunnel that could possibly link the LHB to a larger “superbubble.” The research was led by Michael C. H. Yeung, a PhD student at the MPE who specializes in the study of high-energy astrophysics. He was joined by colleagues from the MPE, the INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, the University of Science and Technology of China, and the Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory. The paper that details their findings, “The SRG/eROSITA diffuse soft X-ray background,” was published on October 29th, 2024, by the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. This image shows half of the X-ray sky projected onto a circle with the center of the Milky Way on the left and the galactic plane running horizontally. Credit ©: MPE/J. Sanders/eROSITA consortium The eROSITA telescope was launched in 2019 as part of the Russian–German Spektr-RG space observatory. It is the first X-ray observatory to observe the Universe beyond Earth’s geocorona, the outermost region of the Earth’s atmosphere (aka. the exosphere), to avoid contamination by the latter’s high-ultraviolet light. In addition, the eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) was timed to coincide with the solar minimum, thus reducing contamination by solar wind charge exchanges. For their study, the team combined data from the eRASS1 with data from eROSITA’s predecessor, the X-ray telescope ROSAT (short for Röntgensatellit). Also built by the MPE, this telescope complements the eROSITA spectra by detecting X-rays with energies lower than 0.2 keV. The team focused on the LHB located in the western Galactic hemisphere, dividing it into about 2000 regions and analyzing the spectra from each. Their analysis showed a clear temperature difference between the parts of the LHB oriented towards Galactic South (0.12 keV; 1.4 MK) and Galactic North (0.10 keV; 1.2 MK). According to the authors, this difference could have been caused by supernova explosions that expanded and reheated the Galactic South portion of the LHB in the past few million years. Yeung explained in an MPE press release: “In other words, the eRASS1 data released to the public this year provides the cleanest view of the X-ray sky to date, making it the perfect instrument for studying the LHB.” In addition to obtaining temperature data from the diffuse X-ray background spectra information, the combined data also provided a 3D structure of the hot gas. In a previous study, Yeung and his colleagues examined eRASS1 spectra data from almost all directions in the western Galactic hemisphere. They concluded that the density of the hot gas in the LHB is relatively uniform. Relying on this previous work, the team generated a new 3D model of the LHB from the measured intensity of X-ray emissions. A 3D interactive view of the LHB and the solar neighborhood, Credit: MPE This model shows that the LHB extends farther toward the Galactic poles than expected since the hot gas tends to follow the path of least resistance (away from the Galactic disc). Michael Freyberg, a core author of this work, was a part of the pioneering work in the ROSAT era three decades ago. As he explained: “This is not surprising, as was already found by the ROSAT survey. What we didn’t know was the existence of an interstellar tunnel towards Centaurus, which carves a gap in the cooler interstellar medium (ISM). This region stands out in stark relief thanks to the much-improved sensitivity of eROSITA and a vastly different surveying strategy compared to ROSAT.” These latest results suggest the Centaurus tunnel may be a local example of a wider hot ISM network sustained by supernovae and solar wind-ISM interaction across the Galaxy. While astronomers have theorized the existence of the Centaurus tunnel since the 1970s, it has remained difficult to prove until now. The team also compiled a list of known supernova remnants, superbubbles, and dust and used these to create a 3D model of the Solar System’s surroundings. The new model allows astronomers to better understand the key features in the representation. These include the Canis Major tunnel, which may connect the LHB to the Gum Nebula (the red globe) or the long grey superbubble (GSH238+00+09). Dense molecular clouds, represented in orange, are shown near the surface of the LHB in the direction of the Galactic Center (GC). Recent work suggests these clouds are moving away from the Solar System and likely formed from the condensation of materials swept up during the early formation of the LHB. Said Gabriele Ponti, a co-author of this work: “Another interesting fact is that the Sun must have entered the LHB a few million years ago, a short time compared to the age of the Sun. It is purely coincidental that the Sun seems to occupy a relatively central position in the LHB as we continuously move through the Milky Way.” Further Reading: MPE, Astronomy & Astrophysics The post eROSITA All-Sky Survey Takes the Local Hot Bubble’s Temperature appeared first on Universe Today.
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Classic Rock Lovers
Classic Rock Lovers  
36 w

7 Dumbest Kiss Lyrics, as Chosen by My Wife
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7 Dumbest Kiss Lyrics, as Chosen by My Wife

She may never look at a fireplace or stick of butter without laughing ever again. Continue reading…
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Clips and Trailers
Clips and Trailers
36 w ·Youtube Cool & Interesting

YouTube
The Stranger Leaves Town (Ending Scene) | High Plains Drifter
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Clips and Trailers
Clips and Trailers
36 w ·Youtube Cool & Interesting

YouTube
Stallone disapears underwater | Ending Scene | Daylight | CLIP
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RetroGame Roundup
RetroGame Roundup
36 w ·Youtube Gaming

YouTube
Amazing RPCS3 Games That Play Straight Out the Box #ps3 #rpcs3 #emulator
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Conservative Voices
Conservative Voices
36 w

Jack Smith Put On Notice By House Republicans, TX AG Paxton Demands Records
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Jack Smith Put On Notice By House Republicans, TX AG Paxton Demands Records

Jack Smith Put On Notice By House Republicans, TX AG Paxton Demands Records
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Fun Facts And Interesting Bits
Fun Facts And Interesting Bits
36 w

“The World of Tim Burton” Exhibit Makes Its Final Stop in London
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“The World of Tim Burton” Exhibit Makes Its Final Stop in London

Learn everything there is to know about Tim Burton’s career.
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The Lighter Side
The Lighter Side
36 w

Mom recalls the uncomfortable moment an older man complimented her 6-year-old's appearance
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Mom recalls the uncomfortable moment an older man complimented her 6-year-old's appearance

It might have been pretty universally accepted during our childhood for daughters to be expected to reciprocate affection from adults, whether they liked it or not. A non consensual kiss to grandparents here, a forced “thank you” there. But times have changed. However, this change in parenting style can sometimes make for some, well, awkward or even downright uncomfortable situations as moms and dads try to advocate for this kid’s autonomy. Recently, a mom named Liz Kindred detailed just such an incident with her six year old daughter, which has a whole lotta other parents discussing how to navigate these unideal interactions. As she recalls in a video posted to TikTok, Kindred was waiting in line with her daughter when a grown man turned around and said “My goodness, you sure are pretty” to the child. “My six-year-old is gorgeous, yes, but she is also very in tune and perceptive, and she's an introvert so she grabbed my leg really tight,” Kindred said. Doubling down, the man repeated himself, saying “You sure are pretty. Look at those blue eyes,” which only made her shy daughter grab her leg harder. Noting that being in a 12 step program has taught her to be less “knee jerk reactionary,” the mom bit her tongue and offered a polite smile to the man, hoping that would be the end of it. It wasn’t. @yourejustliz I need to get my brows done ♬ Succession (Theme Song) - The Theme System “He's a boomer and, God love him, he said, ‘I guess your mom didn't teach you manners.’ And I let out an uncomfortable little [chuckle], and the pause was long. It was long. And under his breath he said, ‘Guess not,’” she said. In what she called the most ”Jesus loving way” she could muster, while still bluntly making her point, Kindred told the man "If you assume that I didn't teach my six-year-old daughter to say ‘thank you’ to a grown, consenting man when he compliments her appearance, then you would be correct."What followed was the “longest silence” of Kindred’s life. The video, which has been viewed over 6 million times now, prompted a ton of parents to share how their own kids have established boundaries in similar situations—with their support, of course. “An old man called my 4 yr old daughter a sweetheart at the store…she boldly responded ‘I am NOT YOUR sweetheart!’ I was so proud,” on person recalled. Another added, “My 3 year old says ‘NO THANK YOU MY BODY DOESN’T LIKE TAHT.’”Still another said “My 2 yo knows the boundaries song and just starts singing that anytime someone talks to her.”While the response to Kindred’s video was overwhelmingly positive, there were a few comments defending the man as simply being “kind.” This prompted Kindred to do a follow-up video doubling down on her decision.In the clip, she shared how she herself has dealt with seemingly innocent compliments in her life from men, which later turned into something else. Feeling like she “didn’t have a voice” to say something, “because I’m a nice Christian, Southern girl,” Kindred ended up being in unsavory situations (she didn't explicitly say what those situations were, but it's easy enough to piece together). She doesn’t want her daughter to have the same issues. @yourejustliz #stitch with @Liz Kindred ♬ Succession (Theme Song) - The Theme System “Nice is different than kind. The kind thing to do is to teach our daughters and our children in this next generation that when you are uncomfortable with something you listen to your body and you set a firm boundary with that and you provide language around that. And you start that really really young.”Yep. Well said. This article originally appeared on 8.8.24
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The Lighter Side
The Lighter Side
36 w

Nurse turns inappropriate things men say in the delivery room into ‘inspirational’ art
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www.upworthy.com

Nurse turns inappropriate things men say in the delivery room into ‘inspirational’ art

After working six years as a labor and delivery nurse Holly, 30, has heard a lot of inappropriate remarks made by men while their partners are in labor. “Sometimes the moms think it’s funny—and if they think it’s funny, then I’ll laugh with them,” Holly told TODAY Parents. “But if they get upset, I’ll try to be the buffer. I’ll change the subject.”Some of the comments are so wrong that she did something creative with them by turning them into “inspirational” quotes and setting them to “A Thousand Miles” by Vanessa Carlton on TikTok.“Some partners are hard to live up to!” she jokingly captioned the video.The first video featured the following facepalm-inducing quotes:“I think you should just get a C-section. This is taking too long.”“How long is this gonna take? I have plans this weekend.”“Are you sure you want an epidural? My mom didn’t have one. Before you make a decision, we should talk about it.”“Sew an extra stitch down there for me, doc. We want everything just the way it was before all of this.” @hollyd_rn Part 1: Some partners are hard to live up to! Get you a good one #laboranddelivery #labor It’s unbelievable that anyone would make such selfish comments while their partner is in the throes of giving birth. Anyone who would ask, “How long is this gonna take?” definitely isn’t prepared to raise a child.Some TikTok users thought that these women should have left their partners right there in the delivery room."LOL immediate divorce, I'm not joking," Rig wrote. Little_n_often agreed saying, "I’d be getting the divorce papers ready."“I would sign the divorce papers while in labor and pushing,” another commenter wrote.The video was a massive hit on TikTok, receiving over 10 million views. So, the nurse followed it up with a sequel where she shared more “inspirational” delivery room quotes from men. @hollyd_rn Part 2: some partners are hard to live up to! Get you a good one! #laboranddelivery #babydaddy #labor "Wake me up when the baby gets here I'm tired." (Rolls over, puts cover over head and slept thru the birth of his baby.)"Can you move to the birthing ball so I can sleep in the bed?"(As the patient is pushing) "Do you guys do DNA tests here? My mom wants me to get one before we leave.""Call me when you're about to have the baby. I'm gonna go with [name redacted] to the bar and watch the game."Holly also told TODAY Parents that men should also keep their thoughts on pain medication to themselves and to stop looking at the contraction monitor and making comments.“She can feel it!” Holly said. “You don’t need to ask her if she felt it. Trust me, she did.”Holly’s public airing of men’s bad behavior had to be therapeutic, because, as a nurse, she can’t tell them off in the delivery room. But it's also a warning to men out there on how not to behave when their partners are giving birth. If there was ever a time in the world to stop thinking about yourself, it’s while your partner is giving birth.Remember guys, think before you say anything in the delivery room, the nurses are listening.This article first appeared on 09.23.22
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The Lighter Side
The Lighter Side
36 w

Mom tears up sharing the perfect parenting advice she received from a complete stranger
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www.upworthy.com

Mom tears up sharing the perfect parenting advice she received from a complete stranger

Parents often get unsolicited commentary that however well intended ultimately does more harm than good. This is especially true for those times when complete strangers kindly remind parents of how hectic and demanding their post-baby lives must be. Cause nothing eases the mind quite like being told how stressful things are.But this story is the opposite of all that. In a now-viral TikTok, mom Steph Morrison shared that she had been on a walk with her newborn when an older man approached her, and instead of giving her the classic platitude of “you must have your hands full” he offered the exact encouragement she needed in that moment.It was so perfect, in fact, that Morrison immediately began crying as she repeated it in her video. “Wow…you’re going to have a lot of fun.”It was such a simple statement, yet so poignantly refreshing. And made all the more touching since Morrsion could see this man’s memories of parenthood “flash” through his own eyes while giving the compliment. Watch: @_stephmorrison_ I never would have guessed what the man would say nor did I ever predict tears would roll down my face like they did. Thankful for this sweet glimmer from God ??✨ #momspiration #momsoftiktok #momsover30 #quotesforyou #momquotes #postpartumjourney #postpartumlife #happywords #happinessbegins #creatorsearchinsights ♬ take a moment to breathe. - normal the kid This man’s words didn’t only strike a chord with Morrison, but literally thousands of other parents who viewed her video.“The way I burst into tears hearing that ?,” wrote one person. Another shared, “As an overstimulated single momma of two, thank you for shifting my perspective.”Many were inspired to share their own experiences of getting unexpected but oh-so needed encouragement from a stranger. “An older man in the grocery store stopped me when my son was 8 months old and said ‘young enough to still talk to the angels, put in a good word for me!’” said one person. “My only son is 7 months. I can’t have anymore kids due to life threatening complications at birth. The other day a man said to me ‘he gets to have you all to himself, isn’t that so special?’ I cried,” said another. Parenting isn’t easy (then again, many of the most worthwhile things in life aren't). But it’s those small, pure moments of bliss that make it undeniable special. Those are the moments we need to hold onto. As Morrision put it, “It’s the right vibe and energy to bring to motherhood.”It’s not possible to always hold onto this positive vibe, which is what makes kind words from a stranger truly miraculous gifts. So the next time you see a parent in the throes of childrearing, maybe take a page from this man’s book and remind them of the joy that is ever present.
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