Most people will think of a dry arid landscape when they think of Mars. When seen from orbit, dry river channels and lake-beds can be seen along with mineral deposits thought to be the created in the presence of liquid water. A team of researches now suggest that liquid carbon dioxide could also explain the features seen. On Earth, a process known as carbon sequestration liquefies CO2 which is buried underground. There are a number of mechanisms that could explain the liquid CO2 underground the researchers suggest. Mars is often referred to as the ‘red planet’ due to its visual appearance. It’s the fourth planet from the Sun and has been a real focus for exploration and research for decades. The red colour is caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface which can often be lifted up into the atmosphere by the Martian winds giving stunning pink skies. It’s just over half the size of the Earth, has a thin atmosphere mostly made of carbon dioxide and a surface composed of deserts and volcanoes like Olympus Mons. One of the key focusses of the exploration on Mars has been to establish whether the conditions are suitable for life, have been suitable in the past or whether liquid water exists on the surface.  A full-disk view of Mars, courtesy of VMC. Credit: ESA The presence of dry riverbeds and lake beds points to a surface that had liquid flowing long ago. Quite what that liquid is has been the cause for debate. Observations of minerals from orbit and from more direct analysis on the surface, suggest that the liquid was just water. However a team of researchers have published a paper in Nature Geoscience that suggests otherwise. They explain that water is only one of two possible liquids that could have existed on ancient Mars. The other is liquid carbon dioxide or CO2. Given the atmospheric conditions it may have been more likely and easier for CO2 in the atmosphere to condense into a liquid than for surface ice to melt into water.  A topographic image of an area of anceint riverbeds on Mars. Created with data from the High-Resolution Stereo Camera on the Mars Express Orbiter. Image Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/ESA_Multimedia/Copyright_Notice_Images It has been the general consensus that the minerals point to liquid water. The paper suggests that processes like carbon sequestration, liquid CO2 buried underground can alter the composition of minerals even faster than water can. Lead author Michael Hecht, research scientist at MIT’s Haystack Observatory said “Understanding how sufficient liquid water was able to flow on early Mars to explain the morphology and mineralogy we see today is probably the greatest unsettled question of Mars science. There is likely no one right answer, and we are merely suggesting another possible piece of the puzzle.” Image of the Martian atmosphere and surface obtained by the Viking 1 orbiter in June 1976. (Credit: NASA/Viking 1) The paper explores our current understanding of the Martian atmosphere and combine it with the carbon sequestration research to conclude that the processes do support the evidence and mineralogy seen on Mars. They note however that this proposal does not suggest all Martian surface liquid was CO2 but rather there could have been a combination of the two. They explain that liquid CO2 on the surface of Mars could exist as a stable surface liquid, as melted CO2 under CO2 ice or in subsurface reservoirs. Which actually took place would have dependent entirely on the distribution of CO2 at the time and the surface conditions too. The paper acknowledges that further testing is required under more realistic Martian conditions to test whether the same processes still occur.  Source : Liquid on Mars was not necessarily all water The post Other Liquids Could Be Forming Minerals on Mars appeared first on Universe Today.

We need to fix this.

Ashley McBryde is not only a wordsmith with lyrics but also when describing what has shaped her as an artist. Over the years, Ashley McBryde has proven she is one of the most badass women in country music for a multitude of reasons. Her kind heart is met with the ability to write gritty songs; she pushes the boundaries of music and is genuinely an artist through and through. Today, McBryde released her first single since her last record, The Devil I Know. The cowboy-inspired track "Ain't Enough Cowboy Songs" is an anthem about the importance of hard work, having your people's back, and integrity. The love letter-style song to the cowboy way of life beautifully highlights her gritty work ethic (similar to a cowboy) and the unbridled vocal talent McBryde possesses. https://www.instagram.com/p/DDOXRBdxvWA/ While the lyrics detail this lifestyle that is going out of style, McBryde and her co-writers penned this track through the lens of the current state of country music and how it's changed since she came to Nashville in 2005. Ashley McBryde sat down for an interview on Today's Country Radio with Kelleigh Bannen, and the two talked about touring, sobriety, and, of course, "Ain't Enough Cowboy Songs." The conversation surrounding the single kicked off with McBryde noting that some of the early feedback was not positive as folks associated cowboys with racism, misogyny, and other derogatory terms. McBryde empathized with that group and how they view cowboys, but the cowboy way of living is far from those terms. McBryde candidly told Bannen that the term "cowboy" was used because it best suited what was bothering them that day. "We sat down, the three of us, me, Chris Harris, Patrick Savage, and you can tell that something's bothering each of us. And you know how that is. You walk in, and you see a coworker, and you go, I know something's hurting, but I can't tell what it is. So we were just going to write whatever we write that day. You know how it is writing on the road. You're like, we do, or we don't. And when Chris says the phrase, "Man, there ain't enough cowboy songs." We’re like, okay." McBryde then compares the lyrics about putting horses out to pasture to her music career, and the way she got her starts in country music is being put out to pasture, too. "The horse I rode in on was, go play bars everywhere you can. Get to town play every bar you can while still playing the other bars you were playing. Build an audience, build an audience, build an audience, give yourself some value. Because this was all pre-social media, really, it's how we exist, but it's not how we function... You get to town, you go to every writer's night you can, you network, and you start make yourself known by word of mouth. You make your fans and followers by a handshake or sitting down and having a beer...That's the horse I rode in on, and she's got put to pasture. That way of life, I'm so thankful for it." McBryde illustrates that many aspiring country artists today have not had to put their noses to the grindstone as she did when building the foundation of her career. Many hope for a viral hit on TikTok, or hope they are discovered via social media without genuinely putting in the effort to songwriting, performing and touring. While she notes that she is thankful she had to make a name for herself the old-fashioned way, she's not naive to the fact that things they should. However, she makes a great point that it's harder to find a grounding point when you evolve too much. "If we lose the touchstone, the songs that made you want to write songs. We are in trouble... If you think about our job now, I think about the songs that made us want to make music, who made us the songwriters we are. The Kristofferson songs we heard. The Townes Van Zandt that we heard. The Van Morrison that we heard. The Janis Joplin that we heard.  We are all just the sum of every song that we've ever heard and every movie that we've ever seen. I'm so happy for the things that created me. And then when I look at who's coming up and who's coming to town, and I listen to the songs that are responsible for shaping them... I'm not saying they are bad songs; I'm saying they are farther from their own touchstone."  McBryde drives home the point that no matter how country music evolves and shifts and who the next big stars are, she needs to feel like she can come back to roots that helped shape her in the early days of her career. That's what "Ain't Enough Cowboy Songs" means to her. It's her touchstone. Ashley McBryde isn't trying to prevent the future of country music from happening; she just doesn't want the foundation to go missing. "Ain't Enough Cowboy Songs" perfectly reflects those feelings of the hard work needed to survive in this industry so you don't end up like a horse put out to pasture. McBryde knows what she is talking about. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjeIeatDR18 If you haven't heard the new single yet, fire that up while you're here, too. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eg3q7jcDWrQ

Tipping his cap to the late, great Lefty Frizzell. Today, Cody Jinks released a covers project called Cody Jinks Sings Lefty Frizzell, which is full of some of his favorite Lefty songs including classics in "If You’ve Got the Money I’ve Got the Time," "That’s the Way Love Goes" and more. Of the record, Cody says the first song his dad ever taught him to play was "The Long Black Veil," and Lefty's music holds a special place in his heart because of that, in addition to how he inspired so many of Cody's other musical heroes: "The first song my Dad taught me to play on guitar was Lefty’s, 'The Long Black Veil.' My favorite country singer/songwriter Merle Haggard was a Lefty fan. If you trace my country music lineage, you can hear a little Lefty in some of my stuff. I loved making this project!" For those who may not be as well versed on who Lefty was or what he meant to the genre, he influenced so many legends like George Jones, Merle Haggard, Roy Orbison, and Willie Nelson, and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1982. He became the first artist to achieve four songs in the top ten on the Country Music Billboard charts at one time. And of course, you already know that Jinks is one of the most talented and authentic artists in the game, and he did an impressive job with each cover he included on this special project, which coincides with his Hippies And Cowboys Tour announcement earlier this week. It's pretty tough to cover your heroes songs, let alone do a whole project of them, but Cody stayed pretty true to the original production and sounds great. The album is solid, and as great as anything he's ever put out, so hopefully Jinks' fans, as well as country fans who may not be as familiar with the work and legacy of Lefty Frizzell, will discover some of the best classic country music out there with this release. I know I'm going to have all of them on repeat, and I love seeing a star like Cody spotlight a country icon in this way. Check out some of my favorites below. "If You’ve Got the Money I’ve Got the Time" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBPWqgJnuKQ&list=OLAK5uy_nW8YNaomNz5OeUCB7GSJwzhRCMPFRuBUA "That's the Way Love Goes" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJkEiE20FU8&list=OLAK5uy_nW8YNaomNz5OeUCB7GSJwzhRCMPFRuBUA&index=4 "I Never Go Around Mirrors" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8VXV5VevnA&list=OLAK5uy_nW8YNaomNz5OeUCB7GSJwzhRCMPFRuBUA&index=8 "The Long Black Veil" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmN7VRs37JI&list=OLAK5uy_nW8YNaomNz5OeUCB7GSJwzhRCMPFRuBUA&index=7 2025 Hippies And Cowboys Tour dates: March 14, 2025–New Orleans, LA–Mahalia Jackson Theatre of Performing Arts May 29, 2025–Columbia, MO–9th Street* May 30, 2025–Franklin, TN–FirstBank Amphitheater* June 26, 2025–Nampa, ID–Ford Idaho Center Amphitheater* June 27, 2025–Idaho Falls, ID–Mountain America Center* June 28, 2025–Casper, WY–Ford Wyoming Center* July 10, 2025–Wheatland, CA–Hard Rock Live* July 11, 2025–Stateline, NV–Lake Tahoe Outdoor Arena at Harveys* July 12, 2025–Berkeley, CA–Greek Theatre UC Berkeley* July 17, 2025–Kent, WA–accesso ShoWare Center* July 19, 2025–Airway Heights, WA–Northern Quest Amphitheater* July 26, 2025–Morrison, CO–Red Rocks Amphitheatre August 7, 2025–Asbury Park, NJ–Stone Pony Summer Stage# August 8, 2025–Philadelphia, PA– The Met Philadelphia presented by Highmark# August 9, 2025–Baltimore, MD–Pier Six Pavilion* August 11, 2025–Virginia Beach, VA–The Dome# August 13, 2025–New York, NY–The Rooftop at Pier 17# August 15, 2025–Bridgeport, CT–Hartford HealthCare Amphitheater* August 16, 2025–Boston, MA–Leader Bank Pavilion* August 17, 2025–Syracuse, NY–Empower Federal Credit Union Amphitheater at Lakeview* September 18, 2025–Des Moines, IA–Lauridsen Amphitheater at Water Works Park* September 19, 2025–Indianapolis, IN–Everwise Amphitheater at White River State Park* September 20, 2025–Youngstown, OH–Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre* *with Tanner Usrey #with Shane Smith & The Saints Full tracklist for Cody Jinks Sings Lefty Frizzell here: 1. If You’ve Got the Money I’ve Got the Time 2. My Rough and Rowdy Ways 3. Saginaw, Michigan 4. That’s the Way Love Goes 5. Always Late (With Your Kisses) 6. She’s Gone, Gone, Gone 7. Long Black Veil 8. I Never Go Around Mirrors 9. Sick, Sober and Sorry

Trisha Yearwood was happily ringing in the holiday season last night during her performance at the 102nd National Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony - which will air on CBS on December 20th. The annual celebration took place on the Ellipse at the White House and President's Park in Washington D.C., and featured performances from James Taylor, The War And Treaty, and Trisha Yearwood - among others. Not among those others? Yearwood's husband Garth Brooks. The country music superstar couple is often inseparable, and this event - in which Yearwood sported a red pantsuit as she rocked the stage with some Christmas hits - is one that Garth would have typically shown up to in order to support his wife. But he was nowhere to be found. One might assume that Garth Brooks is trying to stay off the radar as he fights a lawsuit accusing him of sexual assault and misconduct. The accusations became public back in October (but apparently have been in the works for much longer) and the details of the lawsuit are shocking to say the least. The complaint that Brooks and his team of lawyers are currently facing was originally filed in a California state court. The woman, who identified herself only as Jane Roe and was a former makeup artist of Brooks', alleges that the country music superstar raped and sexually assaulted her on multiple occasions, including once while the two were in Los Angeles for a performance. She also claims that Garth expressed his interest in having a threesome with the woman and his wife, Trisha Yearwood. With those issues still floating around, it makes sense that Garth Brooks would decide to not show his face and let his wife shine in the spotlight for a bit without any distractions. The country music star has tried to lay low ever since the lawsuit was brought against him - even ending his long-running Inside Studio G show at the end of this year. From the very beginning, Garth has maintained his innocence, and it’s clear that he’s doing everything in his power to clear his name. He released this statement initially after saying he refused to pay out hush money to his accuser: “For the last two months, I have been hassled to no end with threats, lies, and tragic tales of what my future would be if I did not write a check for many millions of dollars. It has been like having a loaded gun waved in my face. Hush money, no matter how much or how little, is still hush money. In my mind, that means I am admitting to behavior I am incapable of – ugly acts no human should ever do to another. We filed suit against this person nearly a month ago to speak out against extortion and defamation of character. We filed it anonymously for the sake of families on both sides. I want to play music tonight. I want to continue our good deeds going forward. It breaks my heart these wonderful things are in question now. I trust the system, I do not fear the truth, and I am not the man they have painted me to be.” Since the lawsuit was filed, Garth has wrapped up his Las Vegas residency for the year, taking some time off before starting back up in 2025. And to be clear, Garth's wife Trisha has stood by him every step of the way through this process. Shortly after the lawsuit and allegations hit the internet, Yearwood shared this photo of her and husband with the caption: "Love one another." https://www.instagram.com/p/DA1vjlrv8jP/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=0df95b56-d69c-46a2-ae62-f220d860b2bf

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